1. Book cover art to be inserted Chapter 8 Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech

2. 2Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 C H A P T E R How to prepare research papers and speeches How to use the library and take your research online Strategies for writing effective papers Strategies for giving effective presentations How to overcome writer’s block In Chapter 8 You Will Learn 8 8 Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech

3. 3Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 See yourself writing interesting papers and giving excellent speeches. See yourself writing interesting papers and giving excellent speeches. You are organized, calm, and prepared. You are in control of your thoughts and behavior. Use any feelings of anxiety to focus and give you energy when you speak. You maintain comfortable eye contact with your audience and enjoy communicating by writing and speaking.

4. 4Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Success Principle 8 8 Focus on EXCELLENCE, not perfection.

5. 5Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 The Importance of Writing and Speaking The ability to communicate clearly, both orally and in writing, is the most important skill you will ever acquire. continued

6. 6Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 ” “ —Adele Scheele, career counselor and author Being good at something is only half the battle. The other half is mastering the art of self-presentation….

7. 7Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 The Importance of Writing and Speaking The four basic steps for preparing a paper or speech are: 1.Prepare. 2.Organize 3.Write. 4.Edit. cont’d

8. 8Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Preparation for Writing 1.Choose a general topic. 2.Set a schedule. 3.Do preliminary reading. 4.Narrow your topic. 5.Write a thesis statement. continued

9. 9Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Preparation for Writing 6.Prepare a bibliography. 7.Take notes. cont’d

10. 10Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Organizing a Writing Plan 1.Organize and outline information. 2.Continue your research. 3.Revise your outline. continued

11. 11Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 I.Smoking among teenage girls is increasing. A.Smoking has increased by 24 percent. 1.Supporting information 2.Supporting information B.Girls are smoking at younger ages. II.Advertising targets young girls directly. A.Examples of advertising 1.Supporting information 2.Supporting information Sample Outline B.Effects of advertising cont’d

12. 12Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Writing Strategies 1.Write your first draft. 2.Write the introduction. 3.Write the main body. 4.Write the conclusion.

13. 13Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Hierarchy of Writing Figure 8.3

14. 14Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Editing 1.Revise. 2.Revise again. 3.Use a computer to compile footnotes and bibliography. 4.Confer with your instructor. continued

15. 15Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Editing 5.Prepare your final draft. 6.Number your pages. 7.Add a title page. cont’d

16. 16Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Revising Your First Draft Graphic Organizer Read your paper out loud. Rework paragraphs for clarity and appropriate transitions. Recheck your outline. Have you followed it logically? Delete and/or move information from one section to another if needed. Review sentence structure, punctuation, grammar, and unity of thought.

17. 17Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 See your instructor when you have written your first draft and get suggestions and ideas.

18. 18Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Review and Assessment 1.Final review. 2.Make a copy. 3.Present your paper or speech on time. 4.Assess and evaluate.

19. 19Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Besides books, libraries have: NewspapersMagazinesEncyclopediasDictionariesIndexes Audiovisual equipment continued

20. 20Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Telephone directories MapsCatalogs Research aids Computers Computer software cont’d continued

21. 21Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Asking for guidance from a librarian can save you hours of time and frustration. cont’d continued

22. 22Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research The three basic types of sources found in most libraries are: BooksPeriodicals Reference materials continued cont’d

23. 23Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research The Reader’s Guide to Periodic Literature is a helpful source for locating articles. continued cont’d

24. 24Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Other useful reference materials are: Encyclopedia Americana Encyclopedia Britannica The New York Times The Wall Street Journal continued cont’d

25. 25Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Check these sources for historical speeches: Speech Index Index to American Women Speakers, 1828-1978 continued cont’d

26. 26Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Representative American Speeches, 1937+ Facts on File, 1941+ Vital Speeches of the Day, 1941+ continued cont’d

27. 27Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Using the Library for Research Historic Documents of [year] Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States cont’d

28. 28Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Taking Your Search Online The Internet is a vast network of computers connecting people and resources worldwide. It is often referred to as the information superhighway. continued

29. 29Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Taking Your Search Online Using the Internet, you can access: DictionariesEncyclopedias Library catalogs News publications Databases continued cont’d

30. 30Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Taking Your Search Online The World Wide Web is a collection of mechanisms used to locate, display, and access information available on the Internet. continued cont’d

31. 31Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Taking Your Search Online Telnet is an Internet tool that allows you to access another computer without having a special account. continued cont’d

32. 32Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Taking Your Search Online File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a tool to transfer files between two Internet sites. You can send (upload) or retrieve (download) a file from a site. cont’d

33. 33Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Public Speaking Strategies Be prepared. Look at the audience. Develop visuals. Prepare your prompters. Practice. continued

34. 34Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Public Speaking Strategies Be in the present. Avoid unnecessary words. Review your performance. cont’d

35. 35Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Controlling Writer’s Block Some tips for overcoming writer’s block are: Read. Write e-mail and letters. Keep a journal. continued

36. 36Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Controlling Writer’s Block Write in conversational tone. Write in short blocks of time. Review your purpose. Create an outline or mind map. continued cont’d

37. 37Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Controlling Writer’s Block Find space to be alone. Free write. Take a break or vary your routine. cont’d

38. 38Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Determine your purpose and set a schedule.

39. 39Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Choose and narrow your topic.

40. 40Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Read and research. Prepare a bibliography.

41. 41Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Develop an outline.

42. 42Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Analyze and continue to research.

43. 43Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Refine your purpose and start writing and speaking.

44. 44Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Edit and proof. Practice!

45. 45Peak Performance C H A P T E R Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech 8 Revise and polish. Practice!

46. Book cover art to be inserted End of Chapter 8 Expressing Yourself in Writing and Speech