1. 1 Lecture 11 Cultural dimensions Luis San Andres Mast-Childs Tribology Professor Texas A&M University http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489 March 1, 2011 ME 489 Practices of Modern Engineering

2. 2 Lecture 11 Date: March 1, 2011 Today: … Cultural dimensions Definition of culture – values and dimensions Team LeftOvers presents: Assignments & reading: A3 – Due March 8 – Assess COE Strategic Plan Other: complete ONE MINUTE PAPER Beyond Genetic Engineering NO CLASS Thursday March 3, 2011

3. 3 Re-schedule Group presentations April 26 & 28 - last two classes – Let’s welcome any group wishing to make an additional presentation Group Name 22- Mar 29- Mar 31- Mar 5- Apr 12- Apr 14- Apr 19- Apr 21- Apr 26- Apr 28- Apr 1 The Wrecking Crew X XX 2 A&M Team X XX 3 Classic Style X XX 4 The Better Team X XX 5 Team Alpha X XX 6 Last Pick X XX 7 Gilligan's Blade X XX 8 LeftOvers XXX

4. 4 Recommended topics Make solar energy economical Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestration methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure Advance health informatics Engineer better medicines Reverse-engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scientific discovery http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/ Pick one of the GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERING in the 21 st Century National Academy of Engineering

5. 5 Recommended topic Justify Need – Why is this challenge important? Why is it important for the US and the world? Note state of the art and current pitfalls and shortcomings What is the needed knowledge to achieve goal? Note practical constraints (technological, economic, political) Where are the resources to attain the goal? How can you (us) get involved to face the challenge? When do you foresee the challenge be resolved? GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERING in the 21 st Century National Academy of Engineering

6. 6 Schedule Guests: Practicing Engineers Date Feb 17 (R) Sulzer Turbo: Ash Maruyama & friends March 8 (T) Pratt & Whitney Engines March 10 (R) Crash on Entrepreneurship - Richard H. Lester March 24 (R) UT graduate students March 29 (T) GE Oil & Gas young engineers April 7 (R) Southwest Research Institute old engineers All confirmed Learn from practicing engineers

7. 7 Comments on lecture 9 ( prepare yourself ), group presentation & others

8. 8 Lana Wilson recommends Watch a GREAT Movie: The Pirates of Silicone Valley The history of Steve Jobs & Steve Wasniak (Apple) and Bill Gates (Microsoft). It shows how you really have to believe in and develop your ideas. It will pay off! Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley Based on Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer by P. Freiberger and M. Swaine

9. 9 Questions Want to know more about SPORTS ENGINEERING? Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 Visit ISEA (international Sports Engineering Association) at http://www.sportsengineering.co.uk/ Univ. of Nevada (UNLV) offers a BS degree in Entertainment Engineering and Design http://www.eed.egr.unlv.edu/ Entertainment Eng. and Sports Eng. are fast growing branches of eng. Every sports item (balls, bats, shoes, skies, etc.) are designed & tested to satisfy specific needs for performance enhancement (long life, more or less friction, more or less traction, etc). TRIBOLOGY contributes greatly to the field of Sports Eng.

10. 10 Question How do some upper level classes and technical electives lead to job opportunities & specialties? Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 Taking electives and involvement in research projects gives you an edge (a step in the door) to many specialized jobs. Talk with faculty!

11. 11 Prepare yourself 1. Poor planning on one’s part does not constitute automatic emergency from others 2. Know corporate structure + follow chain of command 3. The inquisitive idiot: must ask, but think first 4. Own your project or assignment: anticipate needs 5. Less is more: work smarter, not harder 6. The enemy of good is perfect: learn when to stop 7. Keep a paper trail, write more and write well, It is not what you know, it is what you can prove 8. Leave work at work 9 Mistakes are inevitable: GIGO 10. Save money early, pace yourself The top 10 Comments on lecture delivered by Ash Maruyama

12. 12 Prepare yourself Great presentation, but I am surprised Ash did say treat people the way you want to be treated… Best presentation I’ve heard while at TAMU. Ask presenter at the time. It is not impolite or disrespectful. Earning respect and treating others as one wants to be treated are tracts practiced daily (they could be lost in a second as well) In Ash’s case it is most important since he deals with clients and suppliers, and technical personnel with all levels of education and backgrounds.

13. 13 Prepare yourselfPay for yourself? Employer invests in you to be productive. In short. Assume it costs your company (low estimate) $200 k/year to keep you employed [salary + benefits + administrative cost ]. You must generate business for at least $200k/year to break even, i.e., to justify your employment (pay for yourself). You will be rewarded and recognized when making more (net profit) and bring more (for others).

14. 14 Recommendations for organizing? Only one – start today! Perpetual procrastination is the worst enemy of organization. Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011

15. 15 Comments on lecture 10 & group presentation: Driverless cars

16. 16 Question – driverless cars Are the autonomous cars able to sense objects beyond immediate interferences, i.e., a wrecked vehicle behind the 18 wheeler in front of you? Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 How do sensors pick up edges or middle of roads that are only one lane and do not have lane lines (country back roads) to keep the car on the proper side of the road? I will really miss driving if we go in that direction. I really enjoy the “thrill” of driving although it may be “illegal”

17. 17 Question – driverless cars What are other projects that will replace “people”? (as controllers or drivers?) Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 For example: pilots maneuvering UAVs (unmaned aerial vehicles), rescue missions, dirty jobs, etc.

18. 18 More comments Thanks you for this class. It is keeping me motivated and excited about engineering! Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011 Good class as always!

19. 19 Room for thought Pending legislation: Allow concealed guns in buildings at Texas universities Will you feel safer or will you fear more? A forum at http://dof.tamu.edu/Guns%20on%20Campus.pdf Debate time

20. 20 Topic The world we live in: What makes us unique or different from others? Practices of Modern Engineering – Spring 2011

21. 21 Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind by Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede Resource Reveals the unexamined rules by which people in different cultures think, feel, and act in business, family, schools, and political organizations. Explores how national cultures differ in the key areas of inequality, collectivism versus individualism, assertiveness versus modesty, tolerance for ambiguity, and deferment of gratification Product description found & copied in www.amazon.comwww.amazon.com

22. 22 Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind by Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede Resource Explains culture shock, ethnocentrism, stereotyping, differences in language and humor, and other aspects of intercultural dynamics Provides powerful insights for business people, civil servants, physicians, mental health professionals, law enforcement professionals, and others Explains how organizational cultures differ from national cultures, and how they can--sometimes--be managed Product description found & copied in www.amazon.comwww.amazon.com

23. 23 Culture Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede Culture is the collective programming(*) of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group of people from others. Culture is learned (not innate), it derives from the social environment. (*) mental patterns of thinking, feeling and acting Culture [cultivate]: Dictionary: ALL THE KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES SHARED BY A SOCIETY

24. 24 Culture Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede Culture must be distinguished from human nature and from individual personality Human nature Culture Personality Universal Inherited Learned Specific to group Specific to individual Inherited and learned

25. 25 Culture Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede The onion manifestation of Culture at different levels of depth Rituals Symbols Heroes Values Practices

26. 26 Culture Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede Values (tendencies to prefer certain states) Evil vs. good, Dirty vs. Clean, Dangerous vs. safe, Forbidden vs. permitted, Decent vs. indecent Moral vs. immoral Ugly vs. beautiful Unnatural vs. natural Abnormal vs. normal Paradoxical vs. logical Irrational vs. rational Values are acquired early in our lives

27. 27 Dimensions of National Cultures Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede Basic problems worldwide 1.Relation to authority 2.Conception of self – relation of individual and society, and the individual concept of masculinity and femininity 3.Ways to deal with conflict, including the control of aggression and expression of feelings

28. 28 Dimensions of National Cultures Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede 1980-2000s research & statistical analysis on the values of people for countries 1.Social inequality, including relationship with authority 2.Relationship between individual and group 3.Concepts of masculinity and femininity the implications of having been born as a boy or a girl 4.Ways to dealing with uncertainty & conflict (related to the control of aggression and expression of emotions)

29. 29 Dimensions of National Cultures Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede Ideas were first based on a large research project into national culture differences across subsidiaries of a multinational corporation (IBM) in 64 countries. Later studies covered students in 23 countries, elites in 19 countries, commercial airline pilots in 23 countries, up-market consumers in 15 countries, and civil service managers in 14 countries. http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/

30. 30 Dimensions of National Cultures Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind By Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede 1.Power Distance (More Equal than Others) 2.Individualism (I, We and They) 3.Masculinity (He, She & (S)he) 4.Uncertainty Avoidance (What is Different is Dangerous) 5.Long-Term Orientation (Yesterday, Now, or Later) http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/ See For a map of the World to evaluate how similar or different countries or regions are

31. 31 Questions? Next lecture 03/08 – “Culture and organizations ” Power Distance Index, Individualism vs Collectivism

32. 32 Practices of Modern Engineering © Luis San Andres Texas A&M University 2011 http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489