1. Disasters that have Affected the Tourism Industry Travel and Tourism Lester B Pearson High School

2. Introduction To Disasters Affecting Tourism After a disaster strikes, tourists might avoid certain methods of travel, or they may stay away from a destination for a short-time or a long-time.

3. Introduction To Disasters Affecting Tourism This can broadly affect the economy of tourism destinations (ex. can cause people to loose their jobs, and reduces the amount of tax money going to the government).

4. Disaster Decline in number of tourists visiting the destination Decrease in money being spent in the area due to lack of visitors, decrease in general economy of the area Businesses suffer due to lack of money generated through tourism, local businesses close, people loose jobs The disposable income of locals decreases. Government spending decreases due to lack of money generated through tax, combined with the aid needed to recover from the event, government spending needs to be high when the area’s economy is at its lowest.

5. Why is tourism unique from a disaster planning perspective? 1.Lots of people involved: tourists and employees. 2.Some tourists may not speak/read the local language and can’t follow instructions. 3.Tourism destinations are often located in areas where there is a greater risk of natural disasters to hit (ex. tropical coastlines)

6. Why is tourism unique from a disaster planning perspective? 4.Tourism destinations are vulnerable to terrorist attacks – gives terrorists media attention. 5.Tourists are often not aware of local hazards, or local emergency procedures, or where to go to in order to escape the disaster.

7. Types of Tourism Disasters A.Tourism Disasters Caused by Nature: Hurricanes/ cyclones / typhoons (ex. Katrina) Tsunamis (ex. 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami in Thailand) Volcanoes (ex. Caribbean island Montserrat) Severe storms and Tornadoes Avalanches Disease outbreak (ex. SARS in Toronto) Earthquakes (ex. Japan) Floods Forest Fires B. Disasters Caused by Humans:

8. Types of Tourism Disasters A.Tourism Disasters Caused by Nature: 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNR5zacQihU

9. Types of Tourism Disasters B.Disasters Caused by Humans: Wars & conflicts (ex. gang wars in Mexico) Terrorism & bombings Transportation accidents Economic collapse Exchange rate fluctuation Food poisonings Radiation & other Environmental Poisonings Pirates, Robberies & Murders

10. Types of Tourism Disasters B.Disasters Caused by Humans: Bali Bombing 2002: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TGtJXxq6gohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TGtJXxq6go

11. How does the tourism industry bring back the tourists? Rebuild key tourism infrastructure if it was destroyed (ex. airport facilities, important accommodation spots, the most important tourist activity sites for that destination).

12. How does the tourism industry bring back the tourists? Example: rebuilding of the ancient Mostar Bridge (World Heritage Site) in 2004 in Bosnia & Herzegovina after 90’s civil war destroyed it

13. Rebuild Mostar Bridge, Bosnia http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscree n&v=ZRlemrYCebY

14. How does the tourism industry bring back the tourists? Tourism marketing campaign to show that the destination is up and running, and safe again for tourists. (ex. NY adds post 9/11) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_ShRhyyJKo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTwBXnDmc5E

15. How does the tourism industry bring back the tourists? Promote tours of the disaster area or build monuments dedicated to the disaster in order to bring in new sub-types of curious tourists (ex. tours of Lower-Ninth Ward in New Orleans that was devastated during the Katrina hurricane). http://www.graylineneworleans.com/hurricane- katrina-tour.html

16. How does the tourism industry bring back the tourists? Use discounts in promotion to help lure tourists back to destination (ex. work with airlines to provide cheep flight packages, hotels offer special low rates, museums don’t charge admission) http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/08/08/can-japan- lure-back-tourists-with-slashed-hotel-rates/