1. Bellringer SOL Challenge 2 Grab books for your table! Have out your venn diagram BJOTD: What do you call a video of pedestrians?

2. The Spread of Islam

3. Agenda Venn Diagram Quiz/Map Spread of Islam Notes Mini-DBQ Homework: Ch 10.3 Outline and Paper OBJ: SWBAT assess the causes of the Spread of Islam

4. What happened when Muhammad died? Muhammad died in 632 Muhammad never named a successor, so the community had to find someone to take over for him The people decided to elect a caliph – Caliph: successor

5. Who led after Muhammad? “Rightly Guided Caliphs”: – Term refers to the Sunni belief that the caliphs followed Muhammad’s example – Consisted of the first 4 caliphs to lead after Muhammad: Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali Under the leadership of the 4 caliphs, the empire spread to include the cities of Damascus and Jerusalem in Syria, parts of Egypt and North Africa, and parts of the Persian Empire

8. What happened after the 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs? Ali’s reign was disputed by Muawiya, the governor of Syria Ali was assassinated in 661 CE After Ali’s death: – The Umayyads, a Muslim dynasty, came to power – Islam split into two sects: Sunni and Shi’a

9. Who are the Sunni? Who are the Shi’a? Sunni “followers of Muhammad's example” The majority of Muslims who felt that the caliph did NOT need to be related to Muhammad 85% of the world’s Muslims today Located in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Indonesia, and the U.S. Shi’a “party” of Ali Felt that the caliph needed to be related to Muhammad 15% of the world’s Muslims today Located primarily in Iran

10. Who were the Umayyads and what happened during their Caliphate? First Muslim dynasty Moved the capital city of the empire from Mecca to Damascus, Syria Focused on gaining wealth through trade and war Lost the Battle of Tours in France in 732 CE – Background: Muslims had expanded into Europe through Spain – Christians in France led by Charles Martel – Stopped Muslim expansion into Europe

12. What happened during the Abbasid Caliphate? Came to power in 750 CE Moved capital to Baghdad, Iraq Ruled over the Islamic Golden Age The Abbasids remain the ruling group in the Muslim Empire until 1258 CE, when the Mongols destroy Baghdad

14. How did the geography impact the spread of Islam? Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca to Medina Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian Empires

15. How did geography affect the development of Islam? Political unity of the first Muslim Empire was short-lived Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands Slavery not based on race