1. SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.
c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims.
d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe.
f. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Islam

2. Arabian Peninsula

3. Arabian Peninsula Geography
Center of a trade network – Africa, Europe, Asia
“Silk Roads” – spices, silks, and other goods
Nomad groups – Bedouins

4. Mecca City in Western Arabian Peninsula
Home of Ka’aba (Kah-buh) – house of worship
Jews and Christians had lived there many years

5. Muhammad and Allah Allah – Arabic name for God
Muhammad – 570 A.D. (C.E.) born
Angel Gabriel spoke to him
Muhammad believed it was Allah
Muhammad believed he was the last prophet of Allah

6. Islam and Muslims Arabic words Islam – submission to the will of Allah
Muslim – one who has submitted
People in Mecca fear Muhammad’s teachings

7. Fleeing Mecca
Hijrah (hih-jee-ruh) – Migration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib)
630 – Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca

8. Review a bit… The Spread of Islam: World History Atlas
Through military conquest
Through trade later
What were the roads called?
Silk Roads!
Spices, incense, perfumes, precious metals, ivory, silk

9. Five Pillars Treatment of People
Faith – belief in one God
Prayer – 5 times a day
Alms – giving to poor
Fasting – Ramadan, fast between dawn and sunset
Pilgrimage (Hajj) – travel to Mecca! If capable!
Treatment of conquered people was not horrible.
Allowed Christians and Jews to practice their religion – they paid a tax

10. OH NOES!
Caliph (successor) – 4 people between Muhammad’s death and the split in Islam
661 – Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law assassinated
Umayyad – come to power and move capital

11. OH NOES! Split in Islam! 4 caliphs were rightly guided
Sunni
Shi’a
4 caliphs were rightly guided
Muslim rulers should follow Muhammad’s example, called Sunna
Claim that Shi’a distort passages in the Qur’an (Koran)
Ali should have succeeded Muhammad
Muslim rulers should be descendants of Muhammad
Claim that Sunni distort passages in the Qur’an
OH NOES! Split in Islam!

12. Science and math! Wait…what?
Baghdad (city) - Abbasid Empire
Islamic scholars collect the knowledge of Greece, India, Persia
The Thousand and One Nights (Ever heard of Aladdin?!)
Calligraphy – Islamic art flourishes

13. Medicine and geography
Ibn Sina papers make up his Canon of Medicine – pharmacological studies of properties of new medicines.
Ibn Battuta – traveled nearly 75,000 miles in lifetime. Rihla – The Journey – documents his travels to places in the Muslim world

14. Islam and the crusades

15. Crusades
11th, 12th, 13th Century military campaigns of Christians against Muslims
East - Byzantine Empire (Christians) live in Holy Land against Seljuk Turks
West – Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) 1085 expel Moors (Muslims from North Africa)

16. First crusade
Alexios I (Byzantine) calls for aid to Pope Urban II (Rome) – old buddies, new problems…
1096 CE (AD) send armies to re-conquer Holy Land
Christians take Holy Land – slaughter many people living there

17. Crusades 2 - 9 #2 – Defending from advancing Muslim armies
#3 – Saladin defeats Christian armies
#4 – Western Christians attack Constantinople…ooops?
#5 – Not much going on
# 6 – Frederick II Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany) takes control of Jerusalem through treaties
# 7 – French Kings, failure
# 8 – Nothing…
# 9 – Christians forced from Levant

18. So what was that all about?!
Central Government becomes more important than Papacy (the Pope and Church)
Islamic learning transferred to Western Europe
Art, science leads to Renaissance in Europe (eventually)
Increased trade with Asia, use of Roads from Roman era
This trade through Silk Roads leads to need for exploration after Silk Roads close