1. Was Andrew Carnegie a man of integrity and virtue?
Once your group has completed the discussion circle, answer this question thoroughly, using evidence from the article and discussion. As a group, write your response in one paragraph that will be collected.

2. 4/16/2017 1:41 AM
The Progressive Era
Amid great political and social change, women gain a larger public role and lead the call for reform. President Theodore Roosevelt dubs his reform policies a Square Deal.
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3. The Origins of Progressivism
Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms.

4. Concerns of Progressives
Early 1900s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1800s
Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement
Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by:
Protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement
Creating economic reform, fostering efficiency
What were the problems of the 1800s?

5. Four Goals of Progressivism
Protecting Social Welfare
Promoting Moral Improvement
Creating Economic Reform
Fostering Efficiency

6. Protecting Social Welfare
Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups
Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate women, children
Helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours

7. Promoting Moral Improvement
Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior
Prohibition –banning of alcoholic drinks
Women’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade

8. Creating Economic Reform
1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists
Muckrakers –journalists who expose corruption in politics, business

9. Fostering Efficiency
Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient
Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial
Scientific management –time and motion studies applied to workplace
Assembly line speed up production, make people work like machines
Causes high worker turnover

10. Reforming Local Government
Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters
Some cities adopt government by commission of experts
Many use council-manager; people elect council that appoints manager

11. Reform Leaders
Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption
Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies
Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses
Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin
Attacks big business

12. Protecting Working Children
Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better
Families need children’s wages
National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions
Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages
Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours

13. Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Muller v. Oregon –Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday
Bunting V. Oregon –Upholds 10-hour workday for men
Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed

14. Reforming Elections
Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall
Initiative –bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots
Referendum –voter, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law
Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates

15. Progressive Election Stump Speeches
Review the four goals of progressivism & targeted areas of reform
On one notecard write the talking points that would be argued by a progressive politician
On the other notecard, write the talking points from the politician who is running against the progressive candidate
Be prepared to give stump speeches to class & debate what the other candidates are saying

16. Susan B. Anthony Read, “The Status of Women”
As a group create a poster encouraging women’s suffrage
Visually include three examples from the document that demonstrates Anthony’s view of the conditions of women or attitude towards women’s suffrage
Be prepared to share with the class

17. Women in Public Life
As a result of social and economic change, many women enter public life as workers and reformers.

18. Changing Patterns of Living
Only middle, upper-class women can devote selves to home, family
Poor women usually have to work for wages outside of home
Farm women
On Southern, Midwestern farms, women’s roles same as before
Performs household tasks, raise livestock, help with crops

19. Women in Industry
After 1900, 1 in 5 women hold jobs; 25% in manufacturing
50% industrial workers in garment trade; earn half of men’s wages
Jobs in offices, stores, classrooms require high school education
Business schools train bookkeepers, stenographers, typists

20. Domestic Workers In 1870, 70% of employed women do domestic work
Many African-American, immigrant women do domestic labor
Married immigrants take in piecework, boarders

21. Women Get Involved
Many female industrial workers seek to reform working conditions
Women form cultural clubs, sometimes become reform groups

22. Women in Higher Education
Many women active in public life have attended new women’s colleges
50% college-educated women never marry; many work on social reforms

23. Women and Reform
Women reformers target workplace, housing, education, food, drugs
National Association of Colored Women (NACW) –child care, education
Susan B. Anthony of National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Works for women suffrage, or right to vote

24. A Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage
Convince state legislatures to give women right to vote
Test 14th Amendment –states lose representation if deny men vote
Push for constitutional amendment to give women the vote

25. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give citizens a Square Deal through reforms.

26. A Rough-Riding President
The Modern Presidency
Trust-busting
1902 Coal Strike
Railroad Regulation
Health and the Environment

27. Regulating Food & Drugs
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle –unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry
Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up Sinclair’s account
Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act:
Dictates sanitary requirements
Creates federal meat inspection program

28. Pure Food & Drug Act
Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines often unsafe
Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine
Requires truth in labeling

29. Conservation & Natural Resources
1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres
Private interests exploit natural environment

30. Conservation Measures
Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks
Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public

31. Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century
Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African Americans
Supports individual African Americans in civil service
Invites Booker T. Washington to White House
NAACP –National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Goal is full equality among races
Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois and black, white reformers

32. Muckrakers Today
Imagine that you are muckraker that is writing about American society today.
What would you want to expose at the national level?
Write a brief (approximately 1 paragraph) article about a topic that is of concern in today’s society.

33. Progressivism Under Taft
Taft’s ambivalent approach to progressive reform leads to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats.

34. Taft Becomes President
The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Disputing Public Lands
The Republican Party Splits
The Bull Moose Party
Democrats Win in 1912

35. Wilson’s New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson’s establishes a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader.

36. Wilson Wins Financial Reforms
Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve System

37. Women Win Suffrage
College-educated women spread suffrage message to working-class
Go door-to-door, take trolley tours, give speeches at stops
Some adopt bold tactics of British suffragists

38. Catt & the National Movement
Carrie Chapman Catt, head of NAWSA, stresses organization, lobbying
National Woman’s Party aggressively pressures for suffrage amendment
Work of patriotic women in war effort influences politicians
1920 Nineteenth Amendment grants women right to vote

39. Wilson & Civil Rights
As candidate, wins support of NAACP for favoring civil rights
As president, opposes anti-lynching legislation
Appoints fellow white Southerners to cabinet who extend segregation
NAACP feels betrayed; Wilson self-dense widens rift

40. The Progressive Amendments
16th Amendment: legalizes graduated federal income tax
17th Amendment: permits popular election of senators
18th Amendment: prohibition
19th Amendment: women’s suffrage
“Income the senators with booze and women”