1. Animal testing in toxicology

2. Learning objectives  Understand the principles that underpin animal use in New Zealand  Be able to define and discuss the principle of the 3Rs  Be able to articulate a viewpoint on animal testing and be able to relate it to specific examples and the New Zealand law.

3. Animal use in NZ  301,964 animals were used in NZ in 2012 for research, teaching and testing  41.3% of these were cattle  18.5% were mice  Over 10,000 mice were involved in experiments categorised as high or very high impact.  12.8% were sheep

4. Most rodents were euthanised

5. What is your reaction to these numbers?

6. Control of animal use  Regulated under the Animal Welfare Act 1999 (part 6)  Obligation to care for animals  Definition of animal  Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, crabs, crayfish, squid and octopus  Must have animal ethics approval to carry out research, teaching or testing

7. The 3Rs  Replacement  Replacing animal with non-animal alternatives  Reduction  Using as few animals as necessary  Refinement  Pain or suffering must be reduced as much as possible

8. Some major players MPINAWACNAEACAECResearcher Royal Society ANZCCART