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Complex dielectric constant of sea foam for microwave remote sensing Magdalena D. Anguelova Peter W. Gaiser Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 15th.

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Presentation on theme: "Complex dielectric constant of sea foam for microwave remote sensing Magdalena D. Anguelova Peter W. Gaiser Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 15th."— Presentation transcript:

1 Complex dielectric constant of sea foam for microwave remote sensing Magdalena D. Anguelova Peter W. Gaiser Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 15th Conference on Air-Sea Interaction 20-24 August 2007, Portland, OR

2 2 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. GaiserObjective Model the high variability of whitecap coverage or u – wind speed (u 10 or u * ?)  T – atmospheric stability (= T air – T sea ) X – wind fetch d – wind duration U cur – water currents T s – sea surface temperature S – salinity C k – concentration, type (k) of surface active materials

3 3 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. GaiserApproach Improve existing or develop new models; Investigate correlations; Extensive database: W + various factors; Measurements: W + various factors; Existing W measurements: Photographs/video images; Insufficient for extensive database; Alternative approach: From satellites to get global coverage; wide range of meteo & environ conditions; Whitecap variability: The first step

4 4 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Whitecaps from satellite data WindSat, 10.7 GHz, H pol.,1 March, 2006

5 5 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Variability: Modeling vs. Oceanographic Whitecaps from satellite data

6 6 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Estimate whitecap coverage Model Initial version Anguelova & Webster, JGR, 2006 WindSat version Anguelova et al., IGARSS’06 Minimize TOA TOA T B Srfc Srfc T B Measure Atm corr

7 7 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Estimate whitecap coverage Modeling vs. oceanographic variability Atmospheric correction to obtain e meas Model rough surface emissivity e r Foam permittivity Foam thickness Void fraction Constant VS Profile in depth Model foam emissivity e f

8 8 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Whitecaps (sea foam) Whitecaps on the surface Bubble plumes below the surface Sea-salt production Mixing, gas exchange

9 9 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Foam void fraction Soap foam Breaking wave foam

10 10 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser seawater air Foam as matching impedance Air:  = 1 Seawater:  = O(30-70)

11 11 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser seawater air Foam as matching impedance seawater air foam (10%) foam (98%) Air:  = 1 Seawater:  = O(30-70)

12 12 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Void fraction profile Seamless match of dielectric properties

13 13 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Void fraction profile

14 14 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Effect on the foam retrievals Constant versus gradual profile: important choice; Profile functional form: not a significant choice.

15 15 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Foam dielectric constant ε'ε"ε'ε" 6.8 GHz 37.0 GHz 18.7 GHz

16 16 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Mixing rules

17 17 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Mixing rule suitability Three criteria to compare: Applicability for wide void fraction range; Behavior at the air-foam and foam-water boundaries; Effect on foam emissivity calculations: Comparison with measurements and models; Emissivity and T B error due to mixing rule choice; Mixing rule choice: Looyenga.

18 18 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Effect of mixing rule choice Important with constant void fraction

19 19 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Effect of mixing rule choice Comparable with void fraction profile

20 20 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. GaiserSummary Long-term goal: modeling the high variability of whitecap coverage; Physically-based retrievals of whitecap coverage from satellite data; Need to minimize the variability in the retrievals due to modeling of e meas, e r, and e f ; Foam emissivity model: Foam as impedance match; Void fraction profile: Constant value vs a profile in depth; Functional form; Foam permittivity with various mixing rules; Foam layer thickness – fixed vs distribution.

21 21 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Additional slides

22 22 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Foam retrievals choice Looyenga mixing rule + exponential void

23 23 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Foam retrievals choice Looyenga mixing rule + exponential void

24 24 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Distribution of thicknesses Log-normal Distribution peak @ d = 3.53 cm Reising et al., 2002

25 25 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Effect on foam retrievals Changes due to the inclusion of thinner layers

26 26 of 20 15 Air-Sea Interaction Conference, 21 August, 2007, M. Anguelova & P. Gaiser Effect on foam retrievals Changes due to choice of distribution parameters

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