1. Beam manipulation via plasmonic structure Kwang Hee, Lee 2010. 5. 19 Photonic Systems Laboratory

2. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Contents Introduction of surface plasmon polariton(SPP) Extraordinary transmission(EOT) Effect factors of transmission Exit patterning Summary

3. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. What is the SPP? for Evanescent modes + x Metal Dielectric + - + z

4. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. SPP at a single interface

5. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Where can SPP be used? Integrated electro-photonics, will remove the crosstalk and Ohmic loss of Electronics meanwhile retaining the nano-features of Electronics

6. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. EOT Extraordinary Transmission (EOT) Sub-wavelength hole arrays : peak at above a 0  contribution of surface modes Due to grating coupling at regular, periodic lattice Phase matching condition Ebbesen, T. W., Lezec, H. J, Ghaemi, H. F., Thio, T., and Wolff, P. A. “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays.” Nature, 931:667–669. 1998.

7. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. EOT Extraordinary Transmission (EOT) EOT occurs at another structures : Bull’s eye, square dimple array, slit array Thio, Tineke, Pellerin, K. M., Linke, R. A., Lezec, H. J., and Ebbesen, T. W. “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture.” Opt. Lett., 26(24):1972–1974. 2001. Porto, J. A., Garcia-Vidal, F. J., and Pendry, J. B. “Transmission resonances on metallic gratings with very narrow slits.” Phys. Rev. Lett., 83(14):2845–2848. 1999.

8. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Effect factors of transmission Factor for Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) –Flim thickness : T saturation for small thickness (order of skin depth) –Hole width : T increases and the peaks broaden for increasing hole width Degiron, A., Lezec, H. J., Barnes,W. L., and Ebbesen, T.W. “Effects of hole depth on enhanced light transmission through subwavelength hole arrays.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 81(23):4327–4329. 2002. van der Molen, K. L., Segerink, F. B., van Hulst, N. F., and Kuipers, L. “Influence of hole size on the extraordinary transmission through subwavelength hole arrays.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 85(19):4316–4318. 2004.

9. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Effect factors of transmission Factor for Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) –Coupled cavity modes in the grooves h : about frequency d : about in-phase re-emmision –Exit side grooves don’t influence T García-Vidal, F. J., Lezec, H. J., Ebbesen, T. W., and Martín-Moreno, L. “Multiple paths to enhance optical transmission through a single subwavelength slit.” Phys. Rev. Lett., 90(21):213901. 2003.

10. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Effect factors of transmission Localized Surface Plasmons (LSP) In contrast to PEC case, the maximum in the transmission of real metal near 580 nm can be associated with the excitation of a localized surface plasmon. the nanohole excitation decays not only into scattered light, but into surface plasmon polaritons. Chang et al.,“Surface plasmon generation and light transmission by isolated nanoholes and arrays of nanoholes in thin metal films”, Opt. Express, Vol.13, No.8, 3150, 2005.

11. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Effect factors of transmission Localized Surface Plasmons (LSP) Charges accumulate at the edges with a length scale of one wavelength. This increasing charge density enhances the electric field. The electric field is proportional to the charging time or equivalently 1/f. Seo et al.,“Terahertz field enhancement by a metallic nano slit operating beyond the skin-depth limit”, Nature Photonics, Vol.3,No.3,152-156, 2009.

12. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Effect factors of transmission Waveguide resonance F.J.Garcia-Vidal et al., “Transmission of Light through a Single Rectangular Hole”, PRL, 95, 103901, 2005. Normalized-to-area transmittance at resonance is proportional to the aspect ratio, and to the dielectric constant inside the hole. A transmission peak develops at approximately λ c =2a y, with increasing maximum transmittance and decreasing linewidth as a y /a x increases.

13. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Exit surface patterning Exit surface patterning enables directional emission Lezec, H. J., Degiron, A., Devaux, E., Linke, R. A., Martin-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F. J, and Ebbesen, T. W. “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture.” Science, 297:820– 822. 2002.

14. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Exit surface patterning Narrow beam profile is obtained with about 10 grooves Martín-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F. J., Lezec, H. J., Degiron, A., and Ebbesen, T. W. “Theory of highly directional emission from a single subwavelength aperture surrounded by surface corrugations.” Phys. Rev. Lett., 90(16):167401. 2003.

15. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Off-axis beaming with asymmetric surface gratings Exit surface patterning Seyoon Kim, Hwi Kim, Yongjun Lim, and Byoungho Lee, “Off-axis directional beaming of optical field diffracted by a single subwavelength metal slit with asymmetric dielectric surface gratings” Applied Physics Letters 90, 051113, 2007

16. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Near-field optical probe (conical geometry) Micro-fluidic detector Applications Drezet et al., “Extension of Bethe’s diffraction model to conical geometry”,Europhys. Lett., 54(6), pp. 736-740, 2001. Bravo-Abad et al., “Transmission properties of a single metallic slit”,Physical Review E, 69, 026601, 2004. ε=1.8978 ε=2.2506

17. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Optical switching using nonlinear material Applications Porto et al., “Optical bistability in subwavelength slit apertures containing nonlinear media”, Phys. Rev. B, 70, 081402, 2004. The transmission spectra differ for increasing and decreasing fluxes. d=0.75, a=0.05, h=0.45 um  Optical bistability

18. Photonic Systems Lab School of EECS, S.N.U. Summary SPP has a great possibility to integrate electronics and photonics Extraordinary transmission is generated from SPP which is influenced by geometrical parameters. Transmission is also influenced by LSP and waveguide resonance. With exit surface patterning, directional emmision and off-axis beaming can be possible. EOT is applicable to various optical devices such as switch, probe and so on.