1. Basic Elements of Electrical Circuits Resistor Inductor Capacitor Voltage source Current source

2. ResistorOhm CapacitorFarad InductorHenry Symbols of basic elements:

3. Resistor and Resistance The circuit element used to model the current – resisting behavior of a material is the resistor. The resistance R of an element denotes its ability to resist the flow of electric current it is measured in ohms (Ω) Voltage across a resistanc e is given by V=IR

4. Inductor and inductance Any coil of wire is an inductor. Inductance is the property of inductor Inductor stores energy in the form of magnetic field. The current through and voltage across an inductor is given by

5. Capacitor and capacitance Any two conductors separated by a dielectric form a capacitor. Capacitance is the property of capacitor It stores energy in the form of electric field. The current through and voltage across a capacitor is given by

6. Concept of open circuit and short circuit What if R =  ? i(t) = v(t)/R = 0 In open circuit Current = 0 ; Voltage at open circuit = v(t) The Rest of the Circuit i(t)=0 + – Open Circuit:

7. What if R = 0 ? v(t) = R i(t) = 0 At short circuit Current = Maximum or infinite; voltage = 0 Short Circuit: The Rest of the Circuit v(t)=0 i(t)i(t) + –

8. Concept of series and parallel Circuits Series Connection: Two elements are in series if one element is connected directly to the other with nothing coming in between. Note: In series connection, same current will flow through all elements connected in series

9. Parallel Connection: Two elements are connected in parallel if both the ends are connected together.

10.  House circuits contain parallel circuits  The parallel circuit will continue to operate even though one component may be open  Only the open or defective component will no longer continue to operate Note:

11. Examples of Parallel Circuits:

12. Series - Parallel Circuits  Circuits may contain a combination of series and parallel components  Being able to recognize the various connections in a network is an important step in analyzing these circuits

13. Series - Parallel Circuits Contd….

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