1. Chapter 16 page 446 Please take out a piece of paper and something to write with to take notes

2. Write the answers here 1. 2. 3. 4.

3. 1. 2. 3. 4. Why did people explore new lands? Pg. 446

4. 4 Reasons to Explore, pg. 446 1. they wanted Asian spices. 2. Religion- European Christians wanted to spread the word to counteract the spread of Islam in Europe, Africa and Asia

5. 4 reasons to explore continued 3. To find trade routes to Asia without having to buy from Italian or Egyptian traders 4. Curiosity about the world-people were motivated to explore because of Marco Polo’s travels.

6. Write the answers What advances here were made in technology? p. 447 1. 2. 3.

7. 1.The astrolabe and compass were used by sailors to find routes to go to far places and return home. Most sailors avoided open sea out of fear they might not find their way back to land.

8. 2. Portuguese began building ships called caravels. a) Caravels: used triangular sails allowed ships to sail against the wind. Advances in Technology, pg. 447

9. 3. The large center rudder replaced oars and made quick turns possible and improved steering a) invented by the Portuguese b) they took the lead in exploration and made advances in shipbuilding during the 1400’s-1500’s

10. Advances in Technology, pg. 447 4.The smooth rounded hull handled high seas well

11. Write the answers Henry the here Navigator, pg.448 1. 2. 3.

12. Portuguese and Spanish Explorations, pg. 448 1.He built an observatory and a navigation school to teach sailors how to find their way. 2.Paid people to sail on voyages of exploration.

13. Bartolomeu Dias 1. pg. 449 2.

14. 1. In 1488- he led a ship sailing around the southern tip of Africa

15. Vasco da Gama 1. pg. 449 2.

16. 1. He sailed around Africa and landed on the west coast of India in 1498

17. Christopher Columbus 1. pg. 449 2.

18. 1.1492-Columbus set sail with 88 men and 3 small ships. 2.Ferdinand and Isabella, the king and queen of Spain gave him money to explore new lands

19. 3. In 1492 he reached the Bahamas, a group of islands off the coast of Florida 4. Columbus made three journeys to America never realizing he found a land unknown to Europeans 5. He died thinking that he reached Asia

20. Ferdinand Magellan 1. pg. 449 2.

21. 1. he led a voyage around the southern tip of South America. 2. Circumnavigate: go all the way around, the globe.

22. Conquest of 1. America pg. 450.

23. 1.Early 1500s: Spanish explorers arrived in America. 2. Aztec Empire in Mexico and the Inca Empire in Peru were powerful. 3. Spanish saw them as good sources of gold and silver and wanted to convert them to Christianity.

24. 4. Spanish explorers led by Cortez and Pizzaro conquered the 2 empires. 5. Soon, Spanish ruled large parts of North and South America

25. English and French in America pg. 450.

26. 1.England and France wanted to find out a route to Asia to get spices. 2.The English and French looked for a water-way through North America.

28. The Spanish Armada pg. 451.

29. 1.1588: Spanish sent 130 ships to attack England. This is called the Spanish Armada. 2. Spanish Armada: was part of Spain’s large, experienced navy. 3. English won because of their better guns and faster ships.

30. 4. Saved England from invasion and allowed them to gain power.

32. Europeans Learn about Geography pg. 451.

33. 1.Learned that ships didn’t burn up crossing the equator and that the America’s were a separate landmass from Asia. 2. Geographers made more accurate maps. 3. Voyages of discovery brought Europeans to spread their influence around the world.

34. Stop taking notes here

35. The Columbian Exchange, pg. 454 Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe).

36. Old World Plants and Animals, pg. 454 When Europeans explorers went to the Americas, they took seeds to plant crops. Europeans planted: oranges, onions, and lettuce. Brought animals such as cows, goats, sheep, pigs, horses and chickens. Also brought diseases from rats hiding on ships which caused measles and smallpox

37. New World Plants and Animals, pg. 455 European hadn’t tried tomatoes until explorers brought them some from America. Tomatotes are now a primary ingredient in Italian food. Many plants from the Americas also grew in West Africa and Asia.

38. Effects of the Columbian Exchange, pg. 456 European explorers brought

39. Culture and Technology, pg. 456 Plantations- Large farms

40. Society and the Economy, pg. 457 Racism- belief that some people are better than others because of racial traits, such as skin color

41. Origins of Capitalism, Mercantilism- system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer. Balance of trade- the relationship of goods imported to goods exported in a country

42. New Trading Patterns, pg. 461

43. Northern European Trade Routes, pg. 461 Atlas- collection of maps Capitalism- is an economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries Market economy- individuals decide what goods and services they will buy

44. Banking, pg. 462

45. Market Economies, pg. 462 Capitalism- economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries.

46. New Economy, pg. 459 Mercantilism- a system in which a government controls all economic activity in a county and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer Balance of trade- relationship of goods imported to goods exported Cottage industry- family members worked in their homes to make part of a product