1. Civic Contributions: Immigrant Taxes in The DC Metropolitan Area The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Thursday, November 1, 2007 Michael Fix Migration Policy Institute

2. Almost Half of Cities with 1 Million or More Foreign-Born Residents Are in the US

3. 2004: over 1 million immigrants in DC area. 2000: they paid almost $10 billion in taxes. Immigrants’ share of taxes (18%) was almost as high as their share of households (21%) despite lower incomes ($78,000 vs. $88,000). Immigrants paid almost a quarter of all taxes in Montgomery and Fairfax counties. NOVA and suburban MD immigrants paid 8% of all state taxes in VA and MD. Our Tax Study of DC Area Immigrants: Main Findings

4. Immigrants Paid $10 Billion in Taxes Tax Immigrant Households All Households % from Immigrants Total, all taxes9,77155,17417.7% Federal Taxes7,03040,18317.5% Income Tax 3,92424,36616.1% Social Security 1 2,42012,22519.8% Medicare 2 6863,59219.1% State Tax1,6439,42517.4% Income tax 1,0796,32817.0% Sales tax 3 4182,32618.0% Auto taxes and fees 4 12059220.4% Tax on cigarettes and alcohol 5 2617914.7% Local Tax1,0985,56619.7% Real property tax 6 6273,14519.9% Income tax 7 2261,25418.0% Sales tax 8 7640019.0% Auto taxes and fees 9 12151123.6% Utility and telephone taxes 10 4825619.0%

5. 72% of Taxes Paid by Immigrants Go to Federal Government $9.8 billion in taxes, 1999-2000 Federal Taxes $7 billion 72%

6. Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth: From 1994 to 2005 Maryland Source: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition & Language Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006

7. Virginia Source: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition & Language Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006 Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth: From 1995 to 2005 LEP Enrollment Total Enrollment

8. Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS Mean Household Taxes Paid, by Country and Region of Birth Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars) Natives = $31

9. Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS Mean Household Taxes Paid, by Nativity and Legal Status Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars)

10. Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS Mean Household Taxes Paid, by Nativity and Education of Household Head Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars)

11. Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS Mean Household Taxes Paid for Immigrant Households, by English Proficiency of Household Head Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars) Natives = $31

12. DC ESL Need: LPRs 10,056 LPRs need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 462 thousand hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency 2.8 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

13. VA ESL Need: LPRs 74,022 LPRs need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 3.1 million hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency 18.5 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

14. MD ESL Need: LPRs 59,905 LPRs need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 2.5 million hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency 15.0 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

15. DC ESL Need: Unauthorized 14,939 unauthorized immigrants need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 690 thousand hours per year to unauthorized to English proficiency 4.1 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

16. VA ESL Need: Unauthorized 95,764 unauthorized immigrants need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 4.4 million hours per year to unauthorized to English proficiency 26.4 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

17. MD ESL Need: Unauthorized 69,066 unauthorized immigrants need English instruction Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level 3.1 million hours per year to unauthorized to English proficiency 18.5 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

18. Employed College-Educated Workers in in Unskilled Occupations by Nativity: 2005/2006 DC / VA / MD, 2005/2006 Source: American Community Survey, pooled 2005 and 2006 Notes: *Refers to persons from Europe, Canada, and Oceania. Percent of college-educated workers in unskilled occupations 14% US born Europe* Latin America AsiaAfrica

19. Find data, reports and other analysis by state and for the nation at www.migrationpolicy.org … 2006 ACS data and new databases coming online soon! www.migrationpolicy.org/DataHub For More Information

20. For more information, contact: Michael Fix Vice President Migration Policy Institute 1400 16th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 (202) 266-1940 www.migrationpolicy.org