1. Characteristics of Invertebrates Feeding mechanisms. Excretion and Osmoregulation. Circulation and Gas Exchange. Nervous System.

2. Feeding mechanisms. (Protozoa and Metazoa) Heterotrophic: ingest organic material.

3. Feeding mechanisms. (Protozoa and Metazoa) Heterotrophic: ingest organic material. I. Intracellular digestion-within a cell: Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)

4. Feeding mechanisms. (Protozoa and Metazoa) Heterotrophic: ingest organic material. I. Intracellular digestion-within a cell: Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) II. Extracorporeal digestion-outside the body.

5. Feeding mechanisms. (Protozoa and Metazoa) Heterotrophic: ingest organic material. I. Intracellular digestion-within a cell: Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) II. Extracorporeal digestion-outside the body. III. Extracellular digestion-in a gut.

6. Protista Phylum Ciliophora

9. Phagocytosis Fig. 3.12

10. Pinocytosis Fig. 3.12

11. Phylum Mollusca: Class Bivalvia

12. Suspension Feeding

13. Phylum Echinodermata, Class Echinoidea

14. Tube Feet Suspension Feeding

16. Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria

18. Carnivore

19. Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta

20. Deposit Feeding

21. Excretion and Osmoregulation.

22. Excretion is the elimination from the body of metabolic waste.

23. Excretion and Osmoregulation. Excretion is the elimination from the body of metabolic waste. Osmoregulation is the regulation of water and ion balance within the body fluids.

24. Excretion and Osmoregulation. Excretion is the elimination from the body of metabolic waste. Osmoregulation is the regulation of water and ion balance within the body fluids. Both vary depending on environment of invertebrates.

25. Nitrogenous Wastes and Water Conservation (Figure 3.21 A) H2OH2OH2OH2O Salt Marine (isotonic environment): Organism is isotonic and waste is released as ammonia.

26. Fresh water (hypotonic environment): Organism is hypertonic and waste is released as ammonia. Nitrogenous Wastes and Water Conservation (Figure 3.21 B) H2OH2O Salt

27. Nitrogenous Wastes and Water Conservation (Figure 3.21 C) H2OH2O Salt (in solution) Terrestrial (“dry environment): Organisms is hypotonic and waste is released as uric acid.

28. Excretory and Osmoregulatory Structures Related to surface-to-volume ratio, and animals bauplan. 1. Contractile vacuoles and water expulsion vesicles (WEV).

31. Excretory and Osmoregulatory Structures Related to surface-to-volume ratio, and animals bauplan. 1. Contractile vacuoles and water expulsion vesicles (WEV). 2. Nephridia (Protonephridia and Metanephridia).

35. Circulation and Gas Exchange The transport of materials from one place to another depends on the movement and diffusion of substances in body fluids.

36. Utilize water from the environment as a circulatory fluid. Fig. 3.24

37. Pseudocelomates use fluids in the body cavity for circulation. Fig. 3.24 Pseudocoelom

38. Fig. 3.24 Closed circulatory system (annelids) Open circulatory system (arthropods)

39. Gas Exchange and Transport OutsideInside

42. Fig. 3.26 External modifications to increase surface area to volume ratio

45. Nervous System and Sense Organs.

46. SEM of cross sections of a Nematomorph Ventral Nerve Cord

47. The Big Picture The size and bauplan of invertebrates determines the type of excretory, osmoregulatory, circulatory, gas exchange, and nervous system. The diversity comes from the constraints placed on the particulate invertebrate group due to its bauplan.