1. STEM CHANGING VERBS: e = ie Present tense stem changing verbs e = ie Verbs change the stem vowel e to ie except in the nosotros and vosotros forms. pensar: pienso; piensas; piensa; pensamos, pensáis; piensan

2. STEM CHANGING VERBS: e = ie Tener (to have) and venir (to come) in addition to changing e = ie have a completely irregular yo form. tener: tengo; tienes; tiene; tenemose; tenéis; tienen venir: vengo; vienes; viene; veniomos; venís; vienen When the verb pensar is followed by an infinitive it means to plan to. ¿Adónde piensas ir mañana? Where are you planning to go tomorrow?

3. DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. Direct object nouns follow the verb. When direct object nouns refer to a specific person or group of persons, or to a pet, the word a must precede them. This is called the personal a and has no equivlent in English. Amanda seca los platos. Amanda dries the dishes. Amanda seca a la niña. Amanda dries the girl. Direct object pronouns may refer to people, animals, or things.

4. DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS me nos te os lo los la las To avoid repetition use direct object pronouns when the direct object noun has already been mentioned. Place the direct object pronouns before the conjugated verb form and after the word no when it appears. ¿Quieres mucho a tu perro? Si, lo quiero mucho. ¿Magdalena prepara la comida? No, no la prepara.

5. DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS When there are both a conjugated verb form and an infinitive, a direct object pronoun can be placed before the conjugated verb form or be attached to the dependent infinitive. ¿Vas a visitar a Rafael? Si, lo voy a visitar. Si, voy a visitarlo.