1. Community & Social Change Chapter 13 Fall 20101

2. Community & Social Change: 7 Approaches Fall 20102 1. Consciousness Raising 2. Social Action 3. Community Development 4. Community Coalitions 5. Organizational Consultation 6. Creating Alternative Settings 7. Policy Research & Advocacy

3. (1) Consciousness Raising Fall 20103  Increasing citizens’ awareness of social conditions  Requires community readiness--index of how much locality recognizes problem as residing in environmental conditions/ policies  Power derived from shaping definition of problem/ conflict Examples: ______________________________ ___________________ ____________________

4. (2) Social Action Fall 20104  Identifies specific obstacles to empowerment of disadvantaged groups by:  _______________________________________  Confronts power of those with resources

5. (3) Community Development Fall 20105  Development for future of community  Gradual strengthening of local institutions/ conditions  _______________________________________  Usually top down coordination of existing community sectors

6. (4) Community Coalitions Fall 20106  Bring together a broad representation of citizens & community organizations within a locality to address a specific community problem  ____________________________________ ____________________________________  ____________________________________

7. (5) Organizational Consultation Fall 20107  Working with workplaces (for profit or nonprofit), to make changes in the organization’s policies, structures, or practices.  ____________________________________

8. (5) Organizational Consultation Fall 20108  Policies  ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________  Structures  _________________________ ___________  Practices  _________________________ ___________

9. (6) Creating Alternative Settings Fall 20109  creating settings to counteract dissatisfaction with existing settings  _______________________

10. (6) Creating Alternative Settings Fall 201010  Settings created as alternative options to existing settings because of dissatisfaction with existing settings  _______________________

11. (7) Policy Research & Advocacy Fall 201011  Conducting research & seeking to influence public decisions, policies, or laws  testifying in lawsuits  writing “state of the art” research pieces supporting particular legislative initiative (best practices)  conducting research on a social issues such as homelessness to provide framework for future policy action

12. Policy Research: Its Logic Fall 201012 (1) Look at claims that policy is intends to accomplish (2) Look at assumptions underlying claims (3) Conduct empirical research which assesses both claims & assumptions

13. Policy Research: A Small Example Fall 201013  Should single sex girls’ schools stay single sex?  Policy claims/assumptions  _______________________

14. Research Methods Fall 201014  Surveyed  Young women currently in single sex & coed schools  Graduates of both types of schools in 1 st year of college  Classroom Environment Scales  Assessed leadership positions through yearbooks

15. Findings Fall 201015  More academically challenging classroom environments (task orientation, involvement) in single-sex schools  More leadership positions in single-sex schools  Slightly more “free at last” dating behavior in 1 st college semester, no 2 nd semester differences  No difference in grades or college leadership roles freshman year

16. What Would You Conclude? Fall 201016  What factors go into your decision?  What would you want to know before deciding whether or not to maintain single-sex schools?

17. Betterment or Empowerment? Fall 201017  Top down or Bottom Up?  Community betterment is ___________________  works within system  usually initiated by professionals  issue may not affect them directly  community needs/deficits the usual targets  useful at gaining outside resources

18. Community Empowerment—Bottom up Fall 201018  Citizen initiated/controlled  Decisions made by those affected by them  Useful to engage community resources & retaining local control  More likely to be confrontational

19. 7 Core Elements of Successful Community Change Fall 201019 1. Target more than 1 area of action 2. Local design of initiatives 3. External linkages & resources 4. Plausible theory of community change 5. Effective intensity 6. Strengthening sense of community 7. Long term perspective

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