1. Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Fluorescence detection in a Penning trap Radu Cazan

2. -> laser scanned in 100 sec over 2 GHz First peak – from where? ? 26 Mg + : ~3 GHz to the right!

3. The beamline & the trap Channel Photomultiplier

4. Injection of externally produced ions dynamic ion capture cycle low energy and TOF allow selection of captured ions Option with a cooling mechanism: Stacking of successive ion bunches 2 ms gate up to 5 Hz almost no ion loss No detectable fluorescence for hot ions – the ones which are most probably in the middle!

5. Maintain the laser redshifted for a cold ion and leave the axial motion do the job: ωzωz ωzωz Cooling time for 100 eV ions: ~1 s. Cooling the axial motion I sat =2.5 mW/mm 2

6. -> laser scanned in 100 sec over 2 GHz 100 K1.57 GHz 10 K496 MHz 1 K157 MHz Natural linewidth 43 MHz 1 mK (ħΓ/2k B ) 2 MHz => T~0.1 K => T<<0.1 K Fluorescence and line profile

8. Zeeman shift Zeeman shift: 13.996 GHz/Tesla

9. Fluorescence vs. polarization

10. Quantized fluorescence jumps

11. ~145 photons per ion per cooling cycle ~ 300 cps fluorescence rate per trapped ion

12. -> laser scanned in 100 sec over 1 GHz Estimation of the trapped ion number ~ 145 photons per ion per cooling cycle ~ 300 cps fluorescence rate per ion Height=728.000 cps => ~2400 ions Area=1.950.000 photons => up to 13.500 ions

13. Laser system for cooling of Mg + = 1118 nm = 279 nm P ≈ 950 mW = 559 nm P ≈ 4 mW P ≈ 320 mW P ≈ 17 mW P ≈ 200 mW P ≈ 100 mW P ≈ 500 mW

14. Further planned measurements TypeIonTransition [nm] A [1/s] low q 207 Pb +2 P 1/2 - 2 P 3/2 710.1724 B-like 40 Ar 13+2 P 1/2 - 2 P 3/2 441.24104 C-like 40 Ca 14+3 P 0 - 3 P 1 569.4495 H-like 207 Pb 81+ F=0 - F=11019.720 209 Bi 82+ F=4 - F=5243.92849 Li-like 209 Bi 80+ F=4 - F=5155512 final accuracy limited by the Doppler broadening with resistive cooling  / 0 ≈ 10 -6 to 10 -7 with sympathetic cooling  / 0 ≈ 10 -7 to 10 -8

15. TypeIonTransition [nm] A [1/s] low q 207 Pb +2 P 1/2 - 2 P 3/2 710.1724 Verdi V18 pumped Ti:Sa Laser, 700-1100 nm, ~1 W output with 10 W of 532 nm

16. TypeIonTransition [nm] A [1/s] C-like 40 Ca 14+3 P 0 - 3 P 1 569.4495 Verdi V18 pumped Coherent 699 Dye Laser, >0.5 W output with 9 W of 532 nm

19. view of the trap and the magnet