1. Embedding of Asynchronous Wave Pipelines into Synchronous Data Processing Stephan Hermanns, Sorin Alexander Huss University of Technology Darmstadt, Germany

2. 2 Some Notations...

3. 3 Asynchronous Wave Pipeline (AWP) Wave Logic Wave Latch Data req_inreq_out matched delay n n More than one data and request propagating coherently n n One-sided cycle time constraint n n Delay must track logic over PTV corners

4. 4 Circuits n Logic style used has to minimize delay variation n Earlier work focused on bipolar logic (ECL, CML), but CMOS is mainstream n Static CMOS is not well suited for wave piping, fixing the problem results in more power and slower speed n Pass transistor logic gives slopy edges thereby introducing delay variation n Dynamic logic is attractive as only output high transition is data-dependant, output pulldown is done by precharge n What is needed is a dynamic logic family without precharge overhead: SRCMOS

5. 5 SRCMOS n Distinguishing property of our SRCMOS circuits: precharge feedback is fully local, and NMOS trees are delay balanced N inputs output

6. 6 Generic Synchronous Pipeline Logic Latch/Reg Data Clk

7. 7 Static  Pulse Conversion: Transistor Level Data input has to be stable during evaluation time t eval after rising edge of clk a or clk b Pulse width is defined by feedback path of SRCMOS Generates pulse according to data input after rising edge of clka or clkb

8. 8 Pulse  Static Conversion: Schematic Level Data pulse is catched asynchronous and output statically in synchronization with request pulse

9. 9 Pulse  Static Conversion: Transistor Level

10. 10 Request Generation: Register is omitted Input to Register is stable in [M  T clk -t setup,M  T clk +t hold ] This has to be sufficient to Pulse Generator to evaluate Input Data Hold time t hold is crucial  Further Investigation

11. 11 Request Generation: Register is kept Only non-inverting outputs used to form clock-like Signal to Pulse-Gen.  no Skew Request and Data Pulses are generated uniformly No additionally Reset of Register needed Delay Variations among FFs are handled simply Input to Pulse-Gen. is to be stable after rising clock edge

12. 12 Static  Pulse Conversion: Delay

13. 13 Pulse  Static Conversion: Delay

14. 14 Overall Delay Includes delay of D-FF static  pulse converter empty AWP logic pulse  static converter Problem: Delay variation may as large as clock period T clk

15. 15 Request Pulses: Maximum Skew Request skew primarly results of skew between rising edges at clk a and clk b input of pulse generator Exponential behavior at low level

16. 16 Conclusion  Integration of pulsed logic into environment of statical data  Generation of data pulses by different ways  Generation of request pulses coherently to data pulses with low skew  Conversion of pulsed data back to statical data  Further investigation is needed:  synchronization of static output and output register‘s clock  Possibility to replace register by pulse generator generally