1. Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net 10 May 2010 Using Freeware Computer Programmes for English Language Teaching and Learning 1

2. Presentation Outline 1.Introduction 2.Using the American Corpus 3.Using the BAWE Corpus 4.Building a Corpus 5.Creating Term Banks using Range, AntConc, and TermoStat 6.Creating Vocabulary Exercises, a Pop-Up Glossary, and a Personal Dictionary 7.What else can We do with a Corpus? 2

3. 1. Introduction 3 Three different disciplines: Computer programming Computational linguistics English language teaching Do teachers need to master all of those three disciplines? Computer programmers create programs  Computational linguists modify the programs  English language teachers use the programs.

4. 4 “Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it.” (Samuel Johnson)

5. 2. Using the American Corpus (1) 5 http://www.americancorpus.org/

6. 2. Using the American Corpus (2) 6 Which one occurs more frequently in academic texts: 1.‘small’ or ‘little’? 2.‘small difference’ or ‘little difference’?

7. 2. Using the American Corpus (3) 7

8. 2. Using the American Corpus (4) 8

9. 3. Using the BAWE Corpus (1) 9 http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/research/collect/bawe/

10. 3. Using the BAWE Corpus (2) 10 http://ca.sketchengine.co.uk/open/

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15. 4. Building a Corpus 15 http://www.lextutor.ca/tools/corpus_builder2/

16. 5. 1. Creating Term Banks using Range 16 Four kinds of vocabulary in a text: High frequency words, Academic words, Technical words, and Low-frequency words (Nation 2001: 11-13) Word Lists used as Stop Lists in the RANGE software: Word List One The first 1000 words from the General Service List (West 1953) High Frequency Words Word List Two The second 1000 words from the General Service List (West 1953) High Frequency Words Word List Three 570 headwords from the Academic Word List (Coxhead, 2000) Academic Words

17. Results from RANGE Software (1) 17 The sample text is taken from the CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) textbook, Study Session 8, Book 3, Level 1. WORD LISTTOKENS/%TYPES/%FAMILIES one15990/67.41837/46.09 493 two1404/ 5.92170/ 9.36104 three2846/12.00378/20.81217 not in the lists3479/14.67 431 /23.73 ????? Total23719 1816 814

18. Results from RANGE Software (2) 18 NO.BASE ONE FAMILIESTYFREQFAFREQF1 1.THE1539 2.OF862 3.AND587 12OR190 13EXPENSE128197 14COST121165 15NOT121124 16 STOCK 121123

19. 19 Nation actually realized that some technical vocabulary actually also occurs in the high frequency words. Therefore, he suggested comparing the frequency of words in a specialized text with their frequency in a general corpus (Nation, 2001: 18).

20. 5. 2. Creating Term Banks using AntConc 20 Target corpus: CFA textbook, Study Session 8, Book 3, Level 1 (23,719 words). Reference corpus: the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus (6,506,995 words). If the occurrence of a word is outstandingly frequent in a target corpus than in a reference corpus, it will be considered a positive key word. It means that a key word does not always mean a word with high frequency. Key word is “a word which occurs with unusual frequency in a given text” (Scott 1997: 236).

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23. Criticizing the results of the Key Word Analysis 23 NO.FREQUENCYKEYNESSWORD 15344445.302cash 23362191.156income 32681459.710flow 41741244.679net Terms: Only single-word terms or also multi-word terms? Mostly single-word terms or mostly multi-word terms? Single-word terms, i.e. cash, income, flow, and net Multi-word terms, i.e. cash flow and net income.

24. 5. 3. Creating Term Banks using TermoStat 24 http://olst.ling.umontreal.ca/~drouinp/termostat_web/

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26. Using the Collocates in AntConc 26

27. Using the N-gram (Word Clusters) in AntConc 27

28. 6. Creating Vocabulary Exercises (1) 28 Hot Potatoes (http://hotpot.uvic.ca/)

29. 6. Creating a Pop-Up Glossary (2) 1. Open Microsoft Frontpage 2. Click File  New  Blank Page 3. In the Code view, Copy-Paste the following after the code 4. See the result in the Design view. See how it works in the Preview. 5. Back to the Split View. Copy-Paste the button, and edit as necessary. 29

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31. 6. Creating a Personal Dictionary (3) 1. Extract and Install the file ‘My Personal Dictionary’ 2. Start the Program 31

32. Adding an Entry 32 To Add an Entry To type the entry word To type the definition To clear the text boxes

33. Editing an Entry 33 Update the entry Revise the definition Double-click the entry

34. Deleting an Entry 34 Double-click the Entry Delete the Entry

35. What else can we do with a corpus? 35 Many Eyes (http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/) The heart of the site is a collection of data visualizations. Example: Biomonitoring Corpus http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/datasets /biomonitoring-corpus-from-pubmed-8/versions/1

36. the word tree: ‘examine’ 36

37. Phrase net: ‘* or *’ 37

38. THANK YOU 38 Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net 10 May 2010