1. This page may have been changed from the original version 2.0 Mammoths 4 Secrets We know that most major extinctions have happened when the climate was warmest. It is getting hotter now, so should we be worried? Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science

2. This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Here’s how I thought we’d start. That link you’ve uncovered between climate change and extinction makes a great story. But we’ll have to act fast to get it into the series. 3

3. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets 4 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Ice holds many secrets from ancient times. If we unlock those secrets we will know why the climate changes......and we may be able to stop more animals going extinct.

4. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets 5 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Ice cores are like stacks of weather reports from thousands of years ago. They tell us what was in the atmosphere, and what sort of climate there was. The deeper we drill, the further we travel back in time... up to 800,000 years.

5. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets 6 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate No excuses! Just do it. Then explain the science... I’m not sure viewers will understand about the atmosphere. How can we show them something that’s invisible?

6. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4 : Secrets 7 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate gases in the air Can you work on the graphics and voiceover? We’ll need a pie chart to show what’s in the air now. Then find out what each gas is like.....and make some cue cards for when we start filming. SS1 and SS2

7. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original argon 1% and carbon dioxide 0.04% Mammoths 4: Secrets 8 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Viewers will be surprised how little carbon dioxide there is. Let’s show what 0.04% means. nitrogen 78% oxygen 21% Maybe we could use balls as particles. How many will we need?

8. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets 9 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Suppose we had 100 particles. 1% is 1 in 100, so there should be 1 argon.....lets make that purple. What will the rest of the particles be?

9. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets 10 Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Right! Then we could show 1000 particles......but there’s still no carbon dioxide...

10. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate...but 10,000 particles should include 4 of carbon dioxide. 1 million particles should have about 400 of carbon dioxide, but there’s no way we can show that many! It’s often measured in parts per million. 11

11. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate...if the oxygen % wasn’t right we’d be in big trouble. Oxygen above 25% fires hard to put out. Oxygen below 10% fires won’t burn at all. 12 It seems as if the atmosphere is just right for us...

12. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original –18 °C–18 °C Earth’s average temperature now Earth’s average temperature if all the carbon dioxide and water disappeared. Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate Scientists think there’s a connection between carbon dioxide and the climate. Can you see why? 13 +15 °C+15 °C SS3

13. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate 14 So the question we are trying to answer is, “did carbon dioxide levels rise 10,000 years ago?” Ice cores can tell us, so let’s show this clip.

14. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Mammoths 4: Secrets Engage ElicitExploreExplainElaborateExtendEvaluate 15 Then, you can recap. Explain how ice cores let us look back in time? SS4

15. Activity from the Extinction unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science This page may have been changed from the original Picture credits Picture Slide Credit Dr Wolff4/5 Dr Wolff BAS background 4 © Eric Aristidi, Unice clouds 7/8: Michael Rhea forest fire 12: Lou Angeli Earth 13: NASA mammoth 14: Ferry Marquart Ice core scientists 16: NOAA (Todd Sowers)