1. Warm Up  How is a conditioned stimulus different than an unconditioned stimulus?  True or False: An originally neutral stimulus must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus in order to elicit the intended response

2. Test Next Wednesday (10/23)  It will cover ONLY classical and operant conditioning, and social learning  We will review in class Tuesday  ALSO- Tutoring after school Tuesday 2:15-2:45

3. Operant Conditioning  B.F. Skinner  learning from consequences of behavior  Reinforcement or Punishment

4. Skinner’s Experiment  Pavlov is to the dog experiment, as Skinner is to the rat experiment  Rats had to press a bar in order to receive the food (reinforcement)

5. Reinforcement  Stimulus or event that increases the likelihood that a response will be repeated  Can be POSITIVE or NEGATIVE  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-63ysqT5nu0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-63ysqT5nu0

6. Reinforcement

7. Negative Reinforcement  Takes away an unpleasant stimulus  Escape Conditioning-remove or terminate unpleasant stimulus  Avoidance Conditioning- prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant stimulus; often has a warning signal  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHhcidCoGAE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHhcidCoGAE

8. Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcer  Primary- satisfies a biological need (hunger/thirst/sleep)  Secondary-paired with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning and has acquired value (Almost any stimulus)

9. Schedules of Reinforcement  Behavior Reinforced EVERY time- Continuous Schedule  Behaviors Reinforced with intervals- Partial Schedule

10. Quick Write  Which do you think is more effective?

11. Partial Schedule  253-254  Pull out the 4 types of partial reinforcement and describe each (in your notes!)

12. Shaping  Desired behavior is “modeled” by first rewarding any act similar to desired behavior and then requiring closer acts before giving a reward

13. Shaping  For example, to teach a child to write his or her first name, you initially give praise for writing the first letter correctly. After the child has mastered that first step, letter-by-letter you give praise until the entire name is correctly written.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iox5BVm5-qk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iox5BVm5-qk

14. Response Chains  Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence  Simple skills make harder tasks possible  Ride a training bike, have parent guide you, ride a real bike

15. Punishment  Opposite of negative reinforcement  Behavior is decreased

16. Negative Punishment  When a child "talks back" to his/her mother, the child may lose the privilege of watching her favorite television program. Therefore, the loss of viewing privileges will act as a negative punisher and decrease the likelihood of the child talking back in the future.negative punisher

17. Positive Punishment  If you stroke a cat's fur in a manner that the cat finds unpleasant, the cat may attempt to bite you. Therefore, the presentation of the cat's bite will act as a positive punisher and decrease the likelihood that you will stroke the cat in that same manner in the future.positive punisher

18. Disadvantages of Punishment  257-259  What are the problems with punishment? Please identify and add to your notes  THEN WE ARE DONE WITH NOTES- YOU MADE IT!

19. Operant Conditioning in your Life