1. How to use Unicode on your computer Michael Appleby Eastern Michigan University A field linguist’s guide to making long-lasting texts and databases LSA Meeting 2007

2. Introduction This talk will cover: Unicode fonts Unicode data entry Tools that can help you Using Unicode does not need to be difficult!

3. The challenge: Part 1 Your keyboard might look like this: But you want to enter this:

4. The challenge: Part 2 Ensuring your text appears correctly for whoever may view your document … …regardless of computer …regardless of operating system Use Unicode and achieve interoperability

5. Unicode Fonts Find a font covering the ranges you need: IPA Extensions (U+0250 – U+02AF) Spacing Modifier Letters (U+02B0 – U+02FF) Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300 – U+036F) Websites: http://www.unicode.org/charts/ http://alanwood.net/unicode/fontsbyrange.html

6. Unicode Fonts Doulos SIL Unicode: http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSILfont Charis SIL Unicode: http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont Lucida variants: Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande Arial Unicode MS TITUS, Code2000, many others Websites: http://www.unicode.org/onlinedat/resources.html http://alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html

7. Unicode Input There are useful tools built into the software and operating system you already have. Convenient for occasional use. For more intensive use, dedicated software is recommended.

8. Unicode Input: Character Map Windows XP character map:

9. Unicode Input: Copy/Paste E.g. copy and paste from Unicode character pages: http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/unicode_ipa-chart.htm

10. Unicode Input: Key combinations Windows XP: Do not use Alt-XXX. Use Alt-+-XXXX (e.g. Alt+00E9). Some applications support typing the hex code followed by Alt-x. Mac OS X: Set up the Unicode Hex Input Keyboard. Use Option-XXXX (e.g. Option-00E9).

11. Unicode Input: Keyboards A far faster way of inputting a lot of text. Windows XP: Tavultesoft Keyman: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/ SIL IPA keyboard for Keyman: http://scripts.sil.org/Keyman

13. Unicode Input: Keyboards MacOS X: Ukelele: http://scripts.sil.org/ukelele Other software: http://scripts.sil.org/inputtoollinks http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/tools/msklc.mspx

14. Choosing the right character Many Unicode characters look similar. IPA characters β and θ are in the Greek range … but do not use mathematical ∫ for IPA ʃ. ã can be U+00E3 (precomposed) … … or ã can be a (U+0061) plus ◌ ̃ (U+0303). For aspiration, use ʰ (U+02B0).

15. Legacy data An example of conversion to Unicode: http://emeld.org/school/case/mocovi/#1004 SIL provide a guide on converting legacy documentation: http://scripts.sil.org/UTTWriteMap Much easier to use Unicode in the first place.

16. Summary of resources Information in this presentation is from: Unicode: http://www.unicode.org/ Alan Wood: http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/ E-MELD School of Best Practice: http://emeld.org/school/ SIL International: http://www.sil.org/ Mailing List: http://www.unicode.org/consortium/distlist.html