1. Stress and Coping

2. Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope.

3. Stress and Coping Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope. Each of us experience stress multiple times per day.

4. Stress and Coping Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope. Each of us experience stress multiple times per day. Some stresses may be major (you are the victim of a crime, parent dies, divorce, injury or serious illness) but most are minor.

5. Stress and Coping Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope. Each of us experience stress multiple times per day. Some stresses may be major (you are the victim of a crime, parent dies, divorce, injury or serious illness) but most are minor. Major stress can have deleterious effects on us psychologically as well as physically.

6. Stress and Coping Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope. Each of us experience stress multiple times per day. Some stresses may be major (you are the victim of a crime, parent dies, divorce, injury or serious illness) but most are minor. Major stress can have deleterious effects on us psychologically as well as physically. But minor stresses can also be damaging because their effects tend to accumulate. Our ability to respond successfully to stressing situations depends primarily on the process of Appraisal, that is, how one subjectively judges the events that might lead to stress.

7. Stress and Coping Stress – any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s ability to cope. Each of us experience stress multiple times per day. Some stresses may be major (you are the victim of a crime, parent dies, divorce, injury or serious illness) but most are minor. Major stress can have deleterious effects on us psychologically as well as physically. But minor stresses can also be damaging because their effects tend to accumulate. Our ability to respond successfully to stressing situations depends primarily on the process of Appraisal, that is, how one subjectively judges the events that might lead to stress. Martin Seligman has looked at how one’s appraisal (explanatory style) of stressful events affects the impact these events have upon us.

8. Martin Seligman’s Research on Explanatory Style and Reaction to Stressful Events.

9. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress

10. Frustration

11. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed.

12. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration:

13. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration: The Frustration Effect (FE)

14. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration: The Frustration Effect (FE) – the behavior that immediately follows frustration is likely to be elevated in energy level.

15. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration: The Frustration Effect (FE) – the behavior that immediately follows frustration is likely to be elevated in energy level. Frustration-Induced Aggression

16. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration: The Frustration Effect (FE) – the behavior that immediately follows frustration is likely to be elevated in energy level. Frustration-Induced Aggression – hostility directed toward the object or person that has prevented us from reaching our goal.

17. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Reactions to Frustration: The Frustration Effect (FE) – the behavior that immediately follows frustration is likely to be elevated in energy level. Frustration-Induced Aggression – hostility directed toward the object or person that has prevented us from reaching our goal. - Aggression is often times displaced, that is, shifted onto another person or object other that the one responsible for our frustration

18. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Conflict – when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

19. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Conflict – when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression. (Can be Approach or Avoidance tendencies involved).

20. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Conflict – when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression. Life Changes – significant alterations in one’s living circumstances that require us to adjust or life style in some way.

21. Stress Comes About as the Result of Changes in Our Lives To Which We Must Readjust

23. Psychological Events That Can Cause Stress Frustration – the negative psychological experience that results from the progress toward some expected goal being blocked, thwarted, or delayed. Conflict – when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression. Life Changes – significant alterations in one’s living circumstances that require us to adjust or life style in some way. Pressure – expectations or demands of others that we behave in a particular way.

24. Responding to Stress

29. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye)

30. The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress.

31. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological).

32. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction

33. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction characterized by sympathetic arousal as the body marshals its resources to respond to the stressful circumstances (fight-or-flight).

34. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction characterized by sympathetic arousal as the body marshals its resources to respond to the stressful circumstances (fight-or-flight). Stage 2. The Stage of Resistance

35. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction characterized by sympathetic arousal as the body marshals its resources to respond to the stressful circumstances (fight-or-flight). Stage 2. The Stage of Resistance – coping efforts get underway as the body works to overcome the source of stress.

36. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction characterized by sympathetic arousal as the body marshals its resources to respond to the stressful circumstances (fight-or-flight). Stage 2. The Stage of Resistance – coping efforts get underway as the body works to overcome the source of stress. Stage 3. The Stage of Exhaustion

37. The General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model of the body’s response to stress. Selye believed these reactions to be “general”, that is, nonspecific, occurring in this way regardless of the source of stress (physiological or psychological). Stage 1. The Alarm Reaction characterized by sympathetic arousal as the body marshals its resources to respond to the stressful circumstances (fight-or-flight). Stage 2. The Stage of Resistance – coping efforts get underway as the body works to overcome the source of stress. Stage 3. The Stage of Exhaustion – with prolonged stress, the body’s resources become depleted, the subject weakens, the immune reaction becomes compromised, cessation of efforts, collapse, death.

38. Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

39. Responding to Stress

40. Health Psychology

41. 100 years ago, the major causes of death in America were infectious diseases.

42. Health Psychology 100 years ago, the major causes of death in America were infectious diseases. Today, the major reasons that people get sick are due to (or heavily influenced by) decisions we make about the way we live our lives.

43. How can psychology involved in health care?

44. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health

45. Psychosomatic Diseases

46. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways.

47. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Ulcers Hypertension Heart Disease Skin Disorders

48. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions

49. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body.

50. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Hysteria Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

51. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency

52. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency – numerous disorders are tied to reduced immune reactions which may have a psychological origin.

53. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency – numerous disorders are tied to reduced immune reactions which may have a psychological origin. People that have Depression, Pessimism, or Anger are more likely to develop a host of different diseases.

54. Heart Disease and Chronic Anger

55. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency – numerous disorders are tied to reduced immune reactions which may have a psychological origin. Health-Impairing Behaviors

56. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency – numerous disorders are tied to reduced immune reactions which may have a psychological origin. Health-Impairing Behaviors – people greatly increase their likelihood of disease or premature death by engaging in self- destructive behaviors.

57. How Psychological Processes Impact Upon Health Psychosomatic Diseases – physical ailments can be traced to a psychological origin. The mind can affect the body in unhealthy ways. Conversion Reactions – physiological symptoms with no demonstrable physical change in the body. Psychogenic Immune Deficiency – numerous disorders are tied to reduced immune reactions which may have a psychological origin. Health-Impairing Behaviors – people greatly increase their likelihood of disease or premature death by engaging in self- destructive behaviors. SmokingExcessive Alcohol Consumption Poor Food ChoicesLack of Exercise Risky Sexual Activity

58. Psychology is the Key to Modern Day Health Practices