1. Measuring Race & Ethnicity: A Mixed Bag Patrick Perry, CCCCO Rosaleen Ryan, Monterey Penin. Coll. Andrew LaManque, Foothill-DeAnza Lan Hao, Citrus College

2. California, 1950’s u Looked a lot like “Grease” l 90% white

3. Appropriate Data Collection, 1950 u Pick one: l Asian l Black/Afr. American l Native American l Pacific Islander l Filipino l Hispanic l White

4. California, 2010’s u Looks a lot more like “High School Musical”

5. Consider… u Corbin Bleu (aka “Chad”) in HSM: l Mother: Italian l Father: Jamacian

6. Consider… u Vanessa Hudgens (aka Gabriella Montez) in HSM: l Father: Irish & Native American l Mother: Filipina

7. History u On October 19, 2007, the U.S. Department of Education posted: l "Final Guidance on Maintaining, Collecting, and Reporting Racial and Ethnic Data to the U.S. Department of Education“ to implement OMB’s 1997 Standards.

8. And it said: u Two questions must be used when collecting ethnicity/race.

9. Question One: u Whether the respondent is: l “Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” or l “Not Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” (The term “Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” is defined as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race).

10. Question Two: u Whether the respondent is from one or more races from the following list: l American Indian or Alaska Native l Asian l Black or African American l Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander l White

11. Three caveats (per Feds): u “decline to state” is not an allowable option—no checkbox u Question must not be framed as being “optional”, however no controls can exist to disallow a student/employee from simply not responding. u “Check One or More” is the question for question #2.

12. Reporting u Is different than collection. u Populations (students, staff) will now have a [one : many] collection relationship between person and race/ethnicity u Reporting seeks a [one : one] relationship so that things all add up to 100%

13. Reporting u Federal Reporting Categories: Current IPEDS Reporting CategoriesNew IPEDS Reporting Categories 1) Nonresident Alien 2) Race and Ethnicity unknown 3) Black, non-Hispanic 4) American Indian/Alaskan Native 5) Asian/Pacific Islander 6) Hispanic 7) White, non-Hispanic 1) Nonresident Alien 2) Race and Ethnicity unknown 3) Hispanics of any race For non-Hispanics only: 4) American Indian or Alaska Native 5) Asian 6) Black or African American 7) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 8) White 9) Two or more races

14. Federal “Trump Rules” u Nonresident Aliens (collected elsewhere) of any race are reported as nonresident aliens. u If you fail to answer both questions you are “unknown”. u If you answered “No” to Q1 and do not answer Q2, you are “unknown”.

15. Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered “Yes” to Q1 (Hispanic: Y/N), you are “Hispanic”. l Regardless of what you answered in Q2 l Regardless of whether you even answered Q2

16. Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered ‘No’ to or failed to answer Q1 and u check only one race box in Q2, you are considered as only that race you checked in Q2.

17. Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered “No” to or failed to answer Q1 and check more than one race box in Q2, you are considered as “Two or More Races”. l Multiple-races are considered equally

18. New Collection Implemented u Summer 2009: New race/eth collection format implemented u New MIS collection Element: SB29 l Student Multi-Ethnicity u New Derived MIS Element: STD10 l Student IPEDS Ethnicity

19. What We Thought Would Happen: u 2000 Census: first collection of multi- race in 2 question format l How much would Hispanic go up? l How much would =>2 races be? l How far would all others go down? u In CA: l 4.7% identified as 2 or more races u For children <5, this figure was 8.4%

20. CA Census 2000: Hispanic/Latino Counts Up: u 46% of Native Americans also identified as Latino u 22% of Whites identify also with Latino u 9% of Pacific Islanders u 4% of Black/Afr. Amer. u 1% of Asians

21. What Really Happened- Students: u *drumroll*

22. YearAsianHispanicBlack>1 RaceWhiteUnknown 1992-199311.2%19.8%7.4% 50.7%6.1% 1994-199512.3%21.8%7.8% 46.9%4.8% 1996-199712.2%22.9%7.8% 44.7%7.7% 1998-199912.2%23.8%7.6% 42.6%9.0% 2000-200112.1%25.0%7.3% 40.4%10.6% 2002-200312.3%26.3%7.5% 39.3%9.8% 2004-200512.3%27.7%7.6% 37.2%10.2% 2006-200712.2%28.8%7.5% 35.4%11.1% 2008-200911.6%29.6%7.5% 33.6%12.8% 2009-201011.1%29.7%7.0%1.3%30.9%16.0%

23. What Really Happened- Employees:

24. TermAsianHispanicBlack>1 RaceWhiteUnknown Fall 20037.3%5.3%9.5% 74.3%3.6% Fall 20047.6%5.1%9.8% 73.8%3.8% Fall 20057.8%5.1%10.2% 72.8%4.1% Fall 20068.0%5.0%10.4% 72.0%4.6% Fall 20078.3%5.3%10.7% 70.8%5.0% Fall 20088.3%5.3%10.9% 69.8%5.7% Fall 20098.1%5.0%10.6%0.3%66.9%9.2%

25. First-Time Students:

26. YearAsianHispanicBlack>1 RaceWhiteUnknown 2007-200810.0%35.3%8.7% 28.4%13.2% 2008-20099.5%35.2%9.0% 27.7%14.1% 2009-20108.8%32.6%7.4%2.0%24.7%21.5%

27. What Happened??????? u Lots of conjecture, anecdotes l Could be a true trend toward non- disclosure, and new, complex questions further turned off constituents l Could be “non-mandatory” nature of questions l Could be data transformation/load errors u Some campuses went off the charts with “unknowns”: transfer of old to new, recoded with “X” values