1. CHAPTERS 8 AND 9 UNIT V FLASHCARDS

2. capitation

3. A system in which doctors are paid a set annual fee for each patient in their practice, regardless of how many times they see their patients or what services the doctors provide for their patients.

4. convergence hypothesis

5. The thesis that health care systems become increasingly similar over time because of similar scientific, technological, economic, and epidemiological pressures.

6. defensive medicine

7. Tests and procedures that doctors perform primarily to protect themselves against lawsuits rather than to protect their patients’ health.

8. diagnosis related groups (DRG’s)

9. System established by the federal government that sets, for all Medicaid and Medicare patients and for each possible diagnosis, an average length of hospital stay and cost of inpatient treatment. Under the DRG system, hospitals are paid the established cost for each patient with a given diagnosis regardless of the actual cost of treatment.

10. entrepreneurial system

11. A system based on capitalism and free enterprise.

12. fee-for-service insurance

13. Insurance that reimburses patients for all or part of the costs of the health care services they have purchased.

14. health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

15. Organizations that provide health care based on prepaid group insurance. Patients pay a fixed yearly fee in exchange for a full range of health care services, including hospital care as well as doctor’s services.

16. primary care

17. Health care provided by physicians and others who are trained to offer treatment and prevention services when individuals first seek health care and, ideally, as part of an ongoing provider-patient relationship.

18. pseudobulbar affect

19. Refers to uncontrollable laughing or crying unrelated to individuals’ emotional state, and can be caused by various disabling neurological conditions.

20. universal coverage

21. Health care systems that provide access to health care for all legal residents of a nation.

22. utilization review

23. A system in which insurance companies require doctors to get approval before ordering certain tests, performing surgery, hospitalizing a patient, or keeping a patient hospitalized more than a given number of days.