1. ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 1. Flames 2. Electrothermal Atomizers 3. Plasmas

2. The graphite furnace: a resistively heated carbon tube

3. Sample Introduction

4. L’vov Platform: Maintains even temperature across sample area

5. Graphite Cup Atomizer

6. Graphite Furnace Mount

7. Graphite Furnace Gas Flow

8. Atomization Cycle: Programmed Temperatures

9. Standard and Sample Signals

10. Background Correction in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 1.Double Beam Paths 2.Continuum Source 3.Zeeman Splitting 4.Nearby Wavelengths (Near-lines) 5.Source Broadening

11. Dual Beam Paths (usually not feasible)

12. Continuum Source Background Correction

13. (line source passes through furnace) Analyte Absorbance + Background Absorbance

14. Continuum Source Background Correction (continuum source passes through furnace) Background Only

15. Zeeman Background Correction

16. Permanent Magnet on Atomizer Source Profile (not split) Absorber Profile (always split) Polarizer passes parallel polarized light Polarizer passes perpendicularly polarized light

17. Zeeman Background Correction Permanent Magnet on Atomizer – Rotating Polarizer Source Profile (not split) Absorber Profile (always split) Polarizer passes parallel polarized light Absorbance + Background Polarizer passes perpendicularly polarized light Background Only

18. Zeeman Background Correction Modulating Magnet on Atomizer – Fixed Polarizer Source Profile (not split) Absorber Profile (magnet on-off) Polarizer passes perpendicularly polarized light Absorbance + Background Polarizer passes perpendicularly polarized light Background Only

19. Zeeman Background Correction Permanent Magnet on Source – Rotating Polarizer Source Profile (always split) Absorber Profile (not split) Polarizer passes parallel polarized light Absorbance + Background Polarizer passes perpendicularly polarized light Background Only

21. Nearby Wavelength Correction

23. Background Only Background + Analyte

24. High Resolution Continuum Source Spectra