1. Reintegration, Re-Entry and Community Aftercare Presented by Dr. David M. Altschuler Jeff Bidmon Eric Shafer Linda Moffitt

2. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Strategies for Effective Reintegration Programming Key Dimensions of Promising Practice 1.Evidence-based, research-driven intervention/ treatment modalities (“What Works” approach) 2.Structural characteristics and features for transitional/reentry delivery of services and supervision (Reintegrative Continuum) 3.Personnel/leadership/training Issues 4.Case management framework (essential elements for informed decision making, continuity, and consistency across the programming continuum) 5.Requirement for multi-agency collaboration © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

3. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Key Dimensions of Promising Practice Prepare out-of-home placed juveniles for re-entry into the specific communities to which they will return Establish the necessary arrangements and linkages with the full range of public and private sector departments/organizations and individuals in the community that can address known risk and protective factors Ensure the delivery of prescribed services and supervision in the community As this definition implies, the residential facility and the community have a critical role to play in reintegration. Reintegration refers to those activities and tasks that: Reintegration Defined © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

4. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reintegrative Continuum Point of Reentry Facility Transition Community © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

5. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Critical Structural Considerations in Reintegration CONFINEMENT Institution Community Commitment Successful Termination NORMALIZATION TRANSITION 1. Pre-release Planning 3. Reintegration Activities 2. Structured Re-entry Community Reentry © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

6. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reintegration Continuum Transitional Phase Institutional Transition Community Transition Commitment to Correctional Confinement Completion of Community Aftercare Point of Reentry © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

7. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reintegration Continuum Stage IStage III B Point of Reentry Stage II AStage II BStage III A Transition From Placement Correctional Placement Transition to Community Aftercare Still on Community Aftercare OFF Community Aftercare Transitional Phase © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

8. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reintegration Stage & Stakeholder Matrix Stage I Stage II A Stage II B Stage III A Stage III B Facility Staff Transition Coordinator Probation or Parole Officer Provider 1Provider 2MentorMore columns © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

9. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program Design Features in Three Segments Institutional PhaseTransitional Phase Community Follow-up 1. Pre-release planning1.Testing & probing of re-entry prior to placement in community 1. Provision of multi-modal treatment services 2. Involvement of outside agencies & individuals in institutions 2. Structured step-down process using residential placement or intensive day treatment 2. Discrete case management services 3. Targeted community activities during confinement period 3. Use of graduated sanctions & positive incentives 4. Provision of supervision & surveillance beyond ordinary working hours 5. Reduced caseload size & increased frequency of client contact 6. Multi-stage decompression process © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

10. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation The Decompression in Process in Reentry Structured Transition Phase Point of Community Reentry Decreasing Emphasis on Formal Mechanisms of Social Control by Juvenile Justice Increasing Emphasis on Informal Mechanisms of Social Control by the Community Termination of Formal Aftercare Status Community Involvement © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

11. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Continuity of Care Components 1.Continuity of Control 2.Continuity in Range of Services 3.Continuity in Service Content 4.Continuity of Social Environment 5.Continuity of Attachment © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

12. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Case Management: 5 Components Assessment and Classification Individual Case Planning Surveillance/Service Mix Incentives and Consequences (Graduated Responses) Brokerage and Linkages © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

13. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Catch them being good Have a ready continuum of reinforcements and sanctions Key Principles: © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation Graduated Responses: Incentives and Consequences

14. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Graduated Responses: Incentives and Consequences Planned responses Behavioral contracts Shift responsibilities to youth and family Continuum of responses Must have most stringent sanction available © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

15. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Illustrative Graduated Response Grid Incentives, Rewards and Sanctions High Positive Reinforcement 1. CD or DVD 2. Bowling Passes 3. Art or Music Classes 4. Restore Free Time Positive Punishment 1. Electronic Monitoring 2. Juvenile Hall Time 3. Evening Reporting 4. Intensive Community Based Treatment Positive Reinforcement 1. Certificate of Achievement 2. Visit from Friends 3. Award Additional Token Economy Points Positive Punishment 1. Residential Placement 2. Evening Reporting 3. Electronic Monitoring Positive Reinforcement 1. Additional Privilege (telephone call home) 2. Structured Activity with Staff 3. Home Visit Positive Punishment 1. Residential Placement 2. Ranch/Camp Placement 3. Institutional Placement Negative Reinforcement 1. Remove Electronic Monitoring 2. Reduce Juvenile Hall Time 3. Eliminate Evening Reporting Negative Punishment 1. Eliminate Free Time, Afternoons, PM, and Weekends 2. Restrict Peer Communications Negative Reinforcement 1. Eliminate Electronic Monitoring 2. Return Home from Residential Placement 3. Reduce Community Service Negative Punishment 1. Loss of Privilege(s) 2. Loss of Recreation time. 3. Loss of Token Economy Points Negative Reinforcement 1. Reduce Length of Stay in Placement 2. Reduce Testing Negative Punishment 1. Loss of Privilege(s) 2. Loss of Recreation time. 3. Loss of Token Economy Points Medium Positive Reinforcement 1. Praise, Approval 2. Gym Membership 3. Paid Social Activity with Approved Friends 4. Classes to Support Hobby Positive Punishment 1. Require 12 Step Group Attendance 2. Multiple Daily Check In with Parent 3. Short Term Voluntary Counseling Positive Reinforcement 1. Gym Membership 2. Sponsored Sports League 3. Dinner with Family Four Time/Week Positive Punishment 1. Require Mandatory Testing 2. Require Community Based Treatment Program 3. Search & Seizure Positive Reinforcement 1. Offer to Fund Tattoo Removal 2. Participation in a Community Mural Positive Punishment 1. Residential Placement 2. Ranch/Camp Placement 3. Juvenile Hall Time Negative Reinforcement 1. Rescind Stay Away Order 2. Reduce Meetings with PO 3. Reduce Check In with Parent Negative Punishment 1. Stay away order from specified locations 2. Two Meetings with PO Each Week Negative Reinforcement 1. Reduce Frequency of Testing 2. Eliminate Search Term Negative Punishment 1. Eliminate Free Time Afternoons and Evenings 2. Reduced Recreation Options Negative Reinforcement 1. Return Home from JH or Placement 2. Reduce Testing Negative Punishment 1. Loss of Privileges 2. Loss of Recreation Time 3. Loss of Token Economy Points Low Positive Reinforcement 1. Praise, Approval 2. Driving Lessons 3. Financial Reward 4. Fun Activity 5. Classes to Support Hobby Positive Punishment 1. Set Curfew Time 2. Add Time to Probation 3. Require Weekly Meeting with PO Positive Reinforcement 1. Letter or Card of Recognition 2. Raffle Opportunity 3. Movie Ticket Positive Punishment 1. Write Apology Letter 2. Visit an AOD Program 3. Attend Appropriate Victim/Offender Dialog Positive Reinforcement 1. Lunch with Staff 2. Gift Certificate 3. CD or DVD 4. Blockbuster Card Positive Punishment 1. Refer Case to Placement Screening 2. Two or More Meetings with PO Weekly Negative Reinforcement 1. Reduce Testing 2. Removal of Curfew 3. Abbreviate Probation Term Negative Punishment 1. Decrease Free Time Evenings and Weekends 2. Restrict Access to Friends 3. Reduce Allowance Negative Reinforcement 1. Reduce Testing 2. Removal of Curfew 3. Abbreviate Probation Term Negative Punishment 1. Decrease Free Time After School, Evenings, and Weekends 2. Forfeit Allowance Negative Reinforcement 1. Remove Probation Condition 2. Reduce Mandatory Testing 3. Reduce Meetings with PO Negative Punishment 1. Eliminate Free Time 2. Reduce Telephone and Computer Use 3. Loss of Recreation Time LowMediumHigh For Desired Behaviors For Undesirable Behaviors Criminogenic Risk Substance Abuse Risk

16. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Purpose Primary Purpose: To engage families, stakeholders and the community prior to a youth returning from an ODYS institution

17. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Volume During the planning stages the Court felt that they would see 12 to 15 youth per month, for a total of 144-180 hearings per year. 2006 Actual:144 hearings

18. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Recidivism Revocations & Recommitments Prior to Re-Entry Court: 12/11/04-12/11/05 After Re-Entry Court: 12/11/05-12/11/06 91 Revocations and Recommitments 45 Revocations and Recommitments

19. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 50% Reduction Revocations: Montgomery Co. Juvenile Court: 37 Recommitments: Montgomery Co. Juvenile Court: 3

20. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Revocation Reasons Absent from Parole Non-Compliance New Charges Violated EMU Sex Offenders; Revoked 19 12 4 2 4

21. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Montgomery County Youth in ODYS Facilities December/2005 190 Youth December/2006 158 Youth December/2007 126 Youth -30%

22. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Summation Revocations down 50% Parole Plans are more specific; multi-treatment More collaboration between court and Regional office Dispositional alternatives

23. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Challenges Additional community sanctions Analyze data; recommend alternatives Engage more community partners Develop strategy for absent parolees

24. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Obstacles to Case Management Inadequate Funding Institution Based Resources Large Case Loads/Low Staffing Established Work Hours and Habits Poor Supervision Standards Insufficient Attention to Pre-Release Issues Distance Between Institution and Community Professional and Organizational Rigidity Crisis-Driven Management © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

25. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anchorage Reentry/Reintegration Solutions Funding: grant to pilot, then reallocating resources Institutional staff moved beyond the walls into community Case loads lowered over time with addition of staff Assessment used to help build individual case plan, including supervision level

26. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anchorage Reentry/Reintegration Solutions Pre-Release Issues addressed throughout & intensifies in last 90 days Community based services brought into the institution Rigidity/resistance a struggle until Performance-based Standards (PbS) adopted as a standard for juvenile facilities in Alaska Case Planning Meetings critical to uniformity of goals

27. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Implications/Solutions Directly link institutional and community corrections:  Structure  Policy  Programs  Practices Keep deterrence in check when it creates identifiable impediments to law-abiding self-sufficiency © D.M. Altschuler 2008: Reentry/Aftercare Presentation

28. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anchorage Reentry/Reintegration Solutions Structure: Transitional Services Unit has own location with offices for community partners & a Boy’s & Girl’s Club P&P manual includes information specific to reentry/reintegration Reentry/Reintegration success in Anchorage being expanded to other Division of Juvenile Justice locations in the state Practices: Case planning meetings format standardized Treatment teams meetings now include all parties Training for staff & community partners Graduated Responses used for the youth Community partners programming crucial part Probation and Transitional Services staff work closely together

29. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Closing Comments & Questions Closing comments Questions