1. Ch 13, Sec 2: Roosevelt in Office

2. Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt believed in competition with other countries Progressive Ideas-believed gov’t should help balance competition within the U.S. Created the Square Deal Program – Make America efficient to compete Wanted to destroy the trusts that hurt American society

3. Northern Securities Company 3 railroad tycoons merged companies – E.H. Harriman, James J. Jill, and J.P. Morgan Pres. Roosevelt thought this trust was unconstitutional and took them to court 1904: Northern Securities v. the U.S. said Roosevelt was correct and the trust violated the Sherman Antitrust Act Roosevelt became known as a “trustbuster”

5. Coal Strike of 1902 United Mine Workers of coal went on strike in Pennsylvania Roosevelt feared factories closing, no jobs, and a rise in the homeless population if no coal was mined President suggested arbitration talks b/t the groups – Workers agreed, but the owners did not – President threatened the use of the army to run the mines forcing the owners into arbitration Federal gov’t became a tool for resolving conflicts

6. Dept. of Commerce and Labor Created by Congress in 1903 Had a division, Bureau of Corporations, who investigated businesses and their activities – Worried Big Business men like Carnegie and Rockefeller Trusts made deals with Roosevelt that if they were breaking the law, they would fix the problem if it was not make public

7. Hepburn Act Gave the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) the authority to regulate RR prices Promoted fair competition Old RR companies used it to limit new competition Raised profits for RR over time

8. Problem with medicine Were not regulated by anyone Medicines could be fake – Nothing but alcohol and sugar water Many were full of caffeine, cocaine, opium, and other drugs Very addictive and dangerous

9. Problems with food were exposed! Meat was not safe to eat-full of preservatives Dr. Wiley (Dept. of Ag) called it “embalmed meat” Upton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” exposing the slaughter houses of Chicago

10. Results of “The Jungle” Meat Inspection Act required meat to be inspected before being sold Factories had cleaning standards Pure Food and Drug Act said only food with correct labels could be sold

11. Land Conservation Roosevelt started making national parks Limited lumber companies to how many trees could be cut down for a profit Newlands Reclamation Act-gave money to Western farmers to build irrigation ditches