1. Chapter. 10.2 Roosevelt and the Square Deal
Teddy Roosevelt makes the Oval Office a respectful place to be again.

2. Presidents Up to This Point….
Ulysses S. Grant
Spoils system
Rutherford B. Hayes
Tried to fix spoils system, but couldn’t so he quit after 1 term
1880 James A. Garfield
Wanted to create Civil Service Exam, but was shot and killed
Chester A. Arthur
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
William McKinley
All have a very hard time making America more Progressive.

3. 1900 President McKinley Runs for Re-election
Republican William McKinley
From Canton, Ohio
Republican VP Theodore Roosevelt
Democrat William Jennings Bryan
Ran on silver standard
McKinley wins a tight election.

4. Teddy Takes Office September 6, 1901
President McKinley gets shot at the Pan-Am Exposition
Shot by unemployed laborer
At 42, Teddy Roosevelt takes office.
Youngest president up to this point

5. Roosevelt’s Approach to the Oval Office
During Gilded Age
Politicians took a “hands off” approach to government
Too busy with spoil system
Teddy changes that
Believed in the “bully pulpit”
President has the right to speak out on issues

6. The United Coal Mine Workers Strike
Spring 1902
150,000 coal miners went on strike
Wanted higher wages
Mine owners said no!
Washington Gladden
Gets petition signed by workers that asked for Pres. Roosevelt to intervene

7. Teddy Roosevelt interacts with the coal mine
Republicans wanted Pres. Roosevelt to send in the army!
Roosevelt decided to arbitrate
Process by which 2 sides allow a third party to settle the dispute.

8. The Deal with the Coal Miners
5 weeks later
Both sides agree to a “square deal” for all
Employees = higher pay
Owners = did not have to allow unions
1904 Roosevelt runs on “Square Deal” slogan
Wins election in landslide.

9. Roosevelt Regulates Business
Roosevelt loved big business
Wanted them to behave responsibly.
Railroads
Food industry
“We don’t want to destroy corporations, we wish to make them serve the public good.”

10. Trustbusting 1903 Roosevelt promoted railroad regulation. Elkins Act
Forbade shipping companies from accepting rebates
Rebates = money given to company for business
Hepburn Act
Set railroad rates
Regulated pipelines and ferries used for interstate commerce

11. Practices of Food and Drug Companies
1900 Food companies
Scientists were adding substances to food to make it look healthy
Formaldehyde was added to old eggs to take away odor
Skim milk churned with spoiled butter to make it look new.
1900 Drug Companies
Sold worthless medicines that had drugs in them like
Cocaine
morphine

12. Protecting the Consumer
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Explosive novel that depicted the unsanitary conditions of a meatpacking industry.
“We saw meat shoveled from filthy floors, piled on tables, and then packaged”

13. 1906 Congress makes 2 laws to protect the consumer
Meat Inspection Act
Required federal government inspection of meat shipped across state lines.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food containing harmful ingredients.
Food must also carry ingredient labels

14. Protecting the Environment
Gifford Pinchot
Strong conservationist who was friend of Roosevelt
Conservation = protection of natural environment
1902 Roosevelt passes Newlands Reclamation Act
Reclamation
The process of making damaged land productive again

15. 1916 National Park Service Manages over 380 sites throughout US
80 million acres of land
280 million people visit national parks annually

20. 1908 Presidential Election
Republican William Howard Taft (Ohio)
Supported by Roosevelt
Believed Taft was just like him.
Democrats elect W.J. Bryan again….
Taft wins!

21. 1910 Mann-Elkins Act
Taft extends the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission to cover
Telephones
Telegraph companies

22. 16th Amendment Taft gets Congress to pass the 16th Amendment
Permitted Congress to levy taxes based on an individual’s income.
Based on graduated income tax
Allowed government to raise even more money

23. Taft Angers Roosevelt
Taft approved the sale of Alaskan timberland to a business for profit
Teddy Roosevelt finds out while on safari in Africa.
Roosevelt decides to run again for President!

24. Roosevelt campaigns in 1912 for President
While campaigning, he gets shot during a speech
Finishes speech with bullet lodged in his chest!

25. Election of 1912 Republican President Taft Progressive Party Roosevelt
Made of republicans who support TR
Aka “Bull Moose Party”
Democrat Woodrow Wilson
Socialist Eugene V. Debs

26. Wilson Wins in landslide!
Ran on the New Freedom platform
Made proposals to help small businesses
Help get rid of big business