1. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL
When President William McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his second term, Theodore Roosevelt became the nations 26th president
McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist in Buffalo in September of 1901

2. THE MODERN PRESIDENT
When Roosevelt was thrust into the presidency in 1901, he became the youngest president ever at age 42
He quickly established himself as a modern president who could influence the media and shape legislation

3. A “Square Deal” for Labor 1902 Anthracite COAL STRIKE
In ,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for increased wages, a 9-hour work day, and the right to unionize
Mine owners refused to bargain
Roosevelt served as Mediator - called in both sides and settled the dispute
Thereafter, when a strike threatened public welfare, the federal government was expected to step in and help

4. TRUSTBUSTING
By 1900, Trusts – legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 80% of U.S. industries
TR believed in “Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts” - J.P. Morgan’s Northern Securities Co. & Standard Oil
Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act
Truly more of a trust regulator than a “trustbuster”

5. Railroad Regulation Increased power of ICC
Elkins Act (1903) - railroads couldn’t grant “rebates” to favored customers
Hepburn Act - ICC could set “just and reasonable” rates

6. Consumer Protection: “THE JUNGLE” LEADS TO FOOD REGULATION
After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906
The Act mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants

7. PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
In response to unregulated claims and unhealthy products, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906
The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines (some for children contained opium) and called for truth in labeling
The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

8. ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Before Roosevelt’s presidency, the federal government paid very little attention to the nation’s natural resources
Roosevelt made conservation a primary concern of his administration
Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author John Muir at Yosemite Park

9. ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Roosevelt set aside 150 million acres of forest reserves
Won passage of Newlands Reclamation Act in irrigation projects out west
Established National Conservation Commission under Gifford Pinchot
He also set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and he established 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

11. ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS
Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans
He did, however, support a few individuals such as Booker T. Washington

12. Panama: The King’s Crown
1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. (joint US -Britain control)
1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty. (Britain out)
Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provocateur.
Dr. Walter Reed
Colonel W. Goethals.
1903  Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty.

13. TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904 completed in 1914)
Panama Canal
TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904 completed in 1914)

14. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

15. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

16. Constable of the World

17. Elihu Root Modernizes the Military
Replaces John Hay as Sec. of State
Expanded army to 100,000
Officer training schools
Joint Chiefs of Staff - military advisors
Elihu Root

18. Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

19. The Great White Fleet: 1907
Root-Takahira Agreement 1908

20. Teddy Roosevelt promised not to run for a third term in 1908
He chose his friend and Secretary of War to carry on his policies
William Howard Taft

21. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER PRESIDENT TAFT
Republican William Howard Taft easily defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan to win the 1908 presidential election
Taft, right, was Roosevelt’s War Secretary

22. He won victories over 90 trusts in 4 years
Teddy Roosevelt was called a “trust buster” but the real “buster” was William Howard Taft
He won victories over 90 trusts in 4 years
…but received little credit for it.
He upset TR when he took down U. S. Steel that TR had labeled a “Good Trust”

23. Taxes on imported goods $$$ Higher prices $$$$$$$$
Trouble for Taft
Consumer
Taxes on imported goods $$$
Tariffs
Higher prices $$$$$$$$
Taft had promised to lower tariffs
Then the Senate passed a the Aldrich Bill - which raised many tariff rates
Taft was forced to sign off on a compromise: the Payne-Aldrich Tariff

24. Progressive Republicans felt that Taft had betrayed them
“A mean trick to play on an unsuspecting elephant”

25. Trouble for Taft Conservation
Made Richard A. Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior
Ballinger removed 1 million acres in Alaska from reserved list, making it available for sale
Some who protested were fired, including Gifford Pinchot, head of Forest Service

26. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

27. Taft called the Presidency, “The lonesomest job in the world”
TAFT LOSES POWER
Taft became unpopular, Progressive Republicans were upset that conservative Joe Cannon remained Speaker and Taft supported conservatives in the midterm elections
By 1910, Democrats had regained control of the House of Representatives
Taft called the Presidency, “The lonesomest job in the world”

28. Republicans Split between…
The Progressives
The Conservatives
lower tariffs, conservation, reform
higher tariffs land for development support of business

29. Roosevelt and supporters start the Progressive Party
The return of Theodore Roosevelt
Disappointed by Taft, Roosevelt decided to run again
Conservative Republicans gave nomination to Taft
Roosevelt and supporters start the Progressive Party
The “Bull Moose Party”
Called for direct election senators, state initiatives, recalls, referendums, women’s suffrage, end child labor

30. A nasty campaign
Egotist!
Demagogue!
Puzzlewit!
Fathead!

31. Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson, reform governor of New Jersey, sat back and waited to pick up the pieces
supporter of small business and free market, he felt all business monopolies were “bad”