1. “Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal”
Notes: Chapter 9 Section 3
NEXT

2. I.) A Rough-Riding President3
SECTION
I.) A Rough-Riding President
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
1. born 1858 in New York City & is sickly & asthmatic as child
2. Life:
graduates from Harvard (1880)
elected New York Assembly ( )
retires to ranch in Badlands ( )
Civil Service Commission ( )
New York City Police Commissioner ( )
Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( )
Image
NEXT

3. forms & joins “First U.S. Volunteer Calvary Regiment” (Rough Riders)
during the Spanish-American War (1898)
elected governor of New York ( )
becomes Vice President under William McKinley ( )
becomes President after assassination of McKinley ( )
(youngest president at age 42)
B. creates the “Modern Presidency”
1. cites federal responsibility for the national welfare
2. Square Deal: Roosevelt’s Progressive reforms to protect the common
person against big business

4. II.) Using Federal Power3
SECTION
II.) Using Federal Power
A. Trustbusting
1. Problem: In 1900’s, trusts control about 4/5 of U.S. industries
2. Goal: Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt public interest
3. “Trustbuster”: in 1902 orders Justice Dept. to sue Northern
Securities Company (railroad monopoly) under the
Sherman Antitrust Act
Outcome: Supreme Court
dissolves the company
B Coal Strike
1. Issue: coal miners in Pennsylvania go on strike
2. Problem: 5 months in coal reserves run low
3. Outcome: operators to accept arbitration after threat
of take over
4. Importance: Sets principle of federal intervention when
strike threatens public
Continued . . .
NEXT

5. C. Railroad Regulation
1. Goal: federal regulation of the railroads
2. Problem: Interstate Commerce Commission has little power to
enforce regulations
3. Outcome: Elkins Act (1903): stops rebates, sudden rate changes
Hepburn Act (1906): limits passes, set maximum rates
4. Importance: government has more power to regulate railroads

6. III.) Health and the Environment3
SECTION
III.) Health and the Environment
A. Regulating Foods and Drugs
1. Problem: Upton Sinclair writes “The Jungle”: reveals
unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry
2. Issue: Roosevelt’s creates commission that investigates and
backs up Sinclair’s account
3. Outcome: Meat Inspection Act (1906) passed by congress
- dictates sanitary requirements
- creates federal meat inspection program
B. Pure Food and Drug Act
1. Problem: Food, drug advertisements make false
claims; medicines often unsafe
2. Outcome: Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) passed by congress
- halts sale of contaminated food, medicine
- requires truth in labeling
Continued . . .
NEXT

7. C. Conservation and Natural Resources 3
SECTION
C. Conservation and Natural Resources
1. Problem: U.S. Forest Bureau established in 1887
but stands by as private interests exploit
natural environment
2. Outcome: Roosevelt sets aside more than 148
million acres for forest reserves,
sanctuaries, national parks
3. Importance: U.S. belief is conservation part
saved for preservation and part
saved for development for public
Map
NEXT

8. IV.) Roosevelt and Civil Rights3
SECTION
IV.) Roosevelt and Civil Rights
A. Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century
1. Roosevelt’s terms as president make no civil rights reforms
2. Appoints a few individual African Americans to civil service jobs
- invites Booker T. Washington to White House
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois & black/white reformers
Goal : full equality among races
Image
NEXT