2. Northwestern Michigan College 1701 E Front Street Traverse City, Michigan 49686-3061 1-800-748-0566, Extension 1200 www.nmc.edu/maritime

3. * Seven Maritime Academies * One federal and six state * All are regulated by the US Maritime Administration (MARAD) * All fall under 46 CFR Subchapter 310 * Numerous other facilities, both public and private.

4. * If operating with federal aid: * Uniforms * Regulations * Must take, and pass license * Must admit out of state students at in state rate (to at least 10% on incoming class)

6. * Established by the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 * One of five Federal Service Academies * All Midshipmen in the regiment, age/ physical requirements similar to other service academies * Passing of license a pre-requisite for graduation

7. Bronx, NY

8. * Located in the Bronx, NY * Founded in 1874 aboard Training Ship St. Mary * Became land based in 1934, one of the last acts by then NY Governor Franklin Roosevelt. * Enrollment consists of: non regiment students in a non license curriculum; regimented students in a non licensed curriculum; regimented students in a licensed curriculum.

10. * Similar to NY as it began as an institution located aboard a training ship (1891) and moved to a shore based facility in 1936. * Currently located in Buzzard’s Bay, MA. * All cadets are in the regiment (I believe), but not all are in a curriculum that will lead to a license.

12. * Established by California in 1929 * Funding stabilized after passage of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 * Located in Vallejo, CA * Currently part of the California State University System. * Only Maritime Academy on the west coast * Student model similar to SUNY Maritime College

14. * One of only three State Academies with Naval ROTC (others being NY and TX) * Established by Maine Legislature in 1941 * The only entity in zip code 04420 * Currently located in Castine, ME * Also has regimented/ non regimented and licensed/ non licensed programs

16. * A division of Texas A&M * Established in 1962 * Located in Galveston, TX * Graduates are considered “Aggies” and are authorized to wear the TX A&M ring same as graduates of the College Station, TX campus

17. Great Lakes Maritime Academy

18. * A division of Northwestern Michigan College. * The 1 st Community College in Michigan to award a Bachelor’s Degree (January 2014). * Degree was: Bachelor’s of Science Maritime Technology. * Michigan law enacted in Dec 2012 authorized Community Colleges to award Bachelor’s Degrees in four disciplines: Maritime Technology, Energy Production, Culinary, and Cement Technology.

22. Why? * Cost: cost of operating an “unlimited tonnage” vessel can exceed $50K per day. * Other than electricity required to operate the simulator, heat, lights, it is “green.” * A cadet can experience limitless weather/ sea state scenarios over the course of a semester. If underway on a vessel he/ she may/ may not experience these; he/ she certainly would not be in charge of a bridge watch on a commercial vessel (as a cadet) during these times.

23. * Habit transfer: learn and develop the skills you’ll need when at sea, in a safe environment. * Prototype new procedures: LNG tanks, weapons, night vision goggles, anti-piracy tactics. * Develop the operating envelope.

24. * Build confidence! * When a cadet transitions from the simulator, to the training ship, when he/ she is docking the ship, for real, the first time, they’ll be on the bridge with the same instructors they were with in the simulator. * “You can do this, you've done it before!”

25. * Accident review and reconstruction. * The vast majority of major marine casualties are due to human error. * In a simulator we can place a cadet in the same operating environment as Exxon Valdez, Esso Sea Witch, S/S Stockholm, or in scenarios that we know will challenge the cadet and there is a 100% chance they’ll encounter after graduation (e.g. fog, traffic).

26. * Allows evaluation that is based on an objective set of scenarios. * Exams can be very good, but they only test so much. An exam that incorporates the simulator allows us to evaluate how a cadet performs in the workplace they are training to enter. It also allows us to evaluate how they will perform as part of a team (Bridge Resource Management).

27. * If the cadet challenges a score it’s all on tape! * Body language is recorded. * This is critical for reviewing performance, by the end of the semester a cadet is given a scenario, and no oversight. A scenario that would not be safe (or legal) on a commercial vessel. * They can then sit with the instructor and evaluate their performance while watching it on tape.

29. * Track performance gaps in the fleet. * Why is there a tendency to overshoot a pier, come in too shallow. * Simulation allows an operator and their senior captains the ability to track these gaps, and determine if a change is for the better. * LNG

31. * Ships are machines, the operators need to be able to know the limits. * Simulation allows a cadet to push the envelope in a safe environment. * Practice! * Tremendous cost savings (over time). * The cost of running a large vessel can be greater than $50K/ day, even our vessel is $10K a day.

34. * U.S. Merchant Marine training is regulated by United States law (Code of Federal Regulations Subpart 46 (46 CFR), and the international treaty Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). * All cadets who began their training on or after 2013 must have instruction in Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). * Global Marine Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) equipment has effectively replaced the radio officer. A GMDSS endorsement is required for an ocean license. * A modern simulator is required for ECDIS, while GMDSS can be taught using laptops it is not ideal. Use of a simulator gives a much more realistic presentation.

36. * Manned models was the preferred methodology prior to the advent of the modern bridge simulator.

37. * Location, the academic institution must have access to a waterfront. * Weather: they don’t break ice well. * Cost: computers are much less expensive to maintain and upgrade than small vessels. * Limited ability to simulate crossing and/ or heavy weather issues. * Cannot accurately model other ports. * No ability to develop Bridge Team Management skills.

38. * Coast Guard approval allows for 30 days (of 360) sea time on simulators. * ECDIS/ GMDSS use simulation. * Simulator is also required for the Bridge Resource Management (BRM) Course. * BRM is required by USCG/ STCW. * Aviation is (much) further ahead.

39. * International Treaty, developed at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). U.S. is signatory, it is incorporated into U.S. law. * STCW can best be viewed as an “international reflection of your domestic license.” Somewhat similar to an international drivers license. * Unfortunately the STCW Code is more geared toward trade schools than degree granting institutions.

40. * STCW is based on the assessment of Knowledge, Understanding, and Proficiencies (KUPs). * These can be accessed in a number of ways, such as a hands on demonstration, or attendance at an “approved course.” * Written exams are not acceptable for demonstration of an STCW KUP. * STCW is grappling with simulation at this time.

41. * Has effectively eliminated a large pool of qualified and motivated potential Merchant Mariners; honorably discharged and/ or retired USN/ USCG mariners. * Maintaining a license is also costly, this an area of opportunity for community colleges.

42. * Licenses have not been unlimited since Exxon Valdez. * Cadets and mariners should view their Merchant Mariner Credentials as a portfolio of credentials. * Goal should be to accrue credentials, not simply to upgrade. * “Stackable” Credentials.

43. * The seven maritime academies are incredible American institutions, but... * Is a community college that offers a path to endorsements for (almost) anything except unlimited tonnage/ unlimited horsepower a better model?

44. * The number one reason we lose a cadet is finances. * Not drugs, not conduct, not DUI. * They are doing great things while simultaneously enrolled in a challenging academic program. * GLMA may be most cost effective, but it still costs $75K. It was $90K when the Bachelor’s Degree was awarded by a partner institution. * An 11 semester program (8 academic semesters/ 3 sea projects). * Very limited ability to work part time/ earn funds for tuition. * In my world (Midwest) we lose cadets when parents lose their jobs.

45. * Ideally simulation tricks your mind. * Develop the Merchant Marine Officers who will be industries preferred employees.

47. * Rear Admiral Achenbach (231) 995-1203 * gachenbach@nmc.edu gachenbach@nmc.edu * Do not hesitate to call or email, especially if you have a question regarding Merchant Marine licensing.