2. Tutorial: Engineering technology Topic: Volume forming – hammer forging Prepared by: Ing. Elena Nová Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

3. Volume forming – hammer forging

5.  Anvil’s top swage is smooth and hardened

6.  Free (smith) forging is divided on:  1. Hand  2. Machine  Hand forging uses hand forging tools on anvil.  For smith / hammer forging is used different machines, namely power hammer and presses.

7.  Steel hearth – fuel is black coal or coke  Smith’s hammers

8.  Hammers are made from steels with Carbon content – C 0,7 to 1%.  Both sides of hammer are hardened.  Recessed/stepped hammers have hardened only surface.

9.  Type of smith hammers – recessed hammers  SharpSet (flat) hammer  Profiled hammerFore (Sledge) hammer

10.  Black smith tongs – are adapted to the shape of holding material.  Tongs main parts:  Jaws  Lock  Handle  Smith tongs  “Wolf jaws“

11.  Forging temperatures in Fe – Fe 3 C diagram

12.  Basic forging operation at hand forging:  1. Extension  2. Smoothing / planishing  3. Shouldering  4. Ramming  5. Bending  6. Punching  7. Black smith welding

13.  1.Extension (Length forging, drawing). It is the most used operation.  2. Planishing is provided by material hammering onto set hammer.

14.  3. Shouldering is rod thinning in given length  Shouldering is done on rod’s one or both sides.

15.  4. Ramming – strengthening of semi-product.

16.  Forged welding – is the oldest type of welding.  Forged welding is done at temperature of 1300 deg. C (white heat / incandescence).  Welding is called ‘butt weld’ (short rods of dia. 15mm) or overlapping.

17.  How is ‘smith forging’ divided?  Name forging tools.  Name hammer types?  Name basic black smith works.  What temperature is used at forged welding?  What is used at machine forging?

18.  Explain forge extension.  Explain smoothing.  Explain shouldering.  Explain ramming.  Explain bending.  Explain cutting.  Explain punching.

19.  http://www.ksp.tul.cz/cz/kpt/obsah/vyuka/s kripta_tkp/sekce/03.htm http://www.ksp.tul.cz/cz/kpt/obsah/vyuka/s kripta_tkp/sekce/03.htm  Strojírenská technologie, Otakar Bothe,1980