1. A Model for Academic Libraries 2005 to 2025 David W. Lewis “Visions of Change: Academic Libraries in Transition” California State University Sacramento January 26, 2007

2. "You've got to be careful if you don't know where you're going ‘cause you might not get there!" — Yogi Berra

3. “Because of the fundamental role that academic libraries have played in the past century, it is tremendously difficult to imagine a college or university without a library. Considering the extraordinary pace with which knowledge is moving to the Web, it is equally difficult to imagine what an academic library will be and do in another decade.” — Jerry D. Campbell

4. A Model Academic Libraries Assumptions Parts of the Puzzle Putting the Parts Together Organizational Issues

5. Assumptions 1.Libraries are a means, not the end 2.Libraries confront a variety of disruptive technologies and these technologies will disrupt libraries 3.Real change requires real change 4.We have a window of opportunity

6. Parts of the Puzzle 1.Complete the migration from print to electronic collections 2.Retire legacy print collections 3.Redevelop library space 4.Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise 5.Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content

7. 1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections Reference Works - Indexes –Use: complete –Purchasing: nearly complete Reference Works - Other –Use: Not sure - probably nearly complete –Purchasing: Some change

8. 1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections Journals –Use: Complete –Purchasing: Some change Books –Use: Beginning transition –Purchasing: No real change

9. 1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections IUPUI Journal Use in 2006 - 2,400 titles –1 was used (reshelved - current and last two years bound) more than 100 times - Science News –24 were used more than 50 times –208 were used 10 or more times –934 were not used at all

10. 1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections Finish transition in purchasing in reference and journals - be assertive Plan for transition for books - be prepared Capture efficiencies –Less processing –Less collection develop work (maybe)

11. 2. Retire legacy print collections Print will become a less important part of the library’s working collection Little-used print materials in prime campus real estate will not be acceptable over time

12. 2. Retire legacy print collections Move collections to dedicated storage facilities or discard Provide access to these collections Preserve collections for the long term Needs to be done collaboratively –Indiana federal documents project –JSTOR

13. 2. Retire legacy print collections Allows for the repurposing of space Will require additional staff in the short term

14. 3. Redevelop the library space Create a diversity of user study spaces –Academic Commons –Quiet areas –Wood-paneled reading rooms Trade space for relationships –Writing Center –Center for Teaching and Learning

15. 3. Redevelop the library space Will require additional funding –Good philanthropic opportunities Might become the next “must do” campus project

16. 4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise Library needs to be where the users are –Google –Course management systems Different mix of in-person and embedded services

17. 4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise New services and systems to support research and scholarship –Managing personal collections –Intellectual property Librarians will play different roles and will require different skill sets

18. 5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content Open Access will succeed Users will be less dependent on local library collections Libraries will not have to purchase as much content

19. 5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content New role for librarians — curating content created on or important to the campus –Digital –Campus contribution to the open access universe

20. 5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content Libraries have always done two things: 1.Purchased materials for local users 2.Curated content for the world Today the split is 80/20 In 20 years the split will be 40/60

21. 5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content 200520152025 Traditional Special Collections Curated Digital Content Purchased Materials Percent of Library Resources Allocated 10% 60%

22. Putting the Parts Together Moving from print to electronic collections will: –Save staff time –Save other costs - binding, postage, cataloging fees

23. Putting the Parts Together Retiring print collections will: –Require some staff time in the short term –Require cooperative storage facilities –Free up space

24. Putting the Parts Together Redeveloping Space will: –Require new resources –Philanthropic opportunity –Adjustments in staffing

25. Putting the Parts Together Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise will: –Require rethinking service models –Different mix of staff skills - less “traditional” librarian work and more hybrid librarian/technologist/instructional design work –Some staff savings (maybe)

26. Putting the Parts Together Moving from purchasing materials to curating content will: –Require discipline in moving resources from one area to the other –New staff skills and more staff –Some external funding opportunities - grants –Maybe a net savings

27. Putting the Parts Together Migration from Print to Electronic Retire Legacy Print Collection Redevelop Library Space Reposition Library, Tools, Resources, and Expertise Space $ $ $ Transition form Purchasing to Curating Staff To Campus External $

28. Organizational Issues Staff Composition Flexible Staffing and Flexible Staff Principles of Disruptive Innovation

29. Staff Composition In the next 20 years a 25% decline in the number of clerical positions. Ratio of librarians to clerical staff goes from 2:1 to about 1:1. Will not begin immediately Number of technology position will increase by about 25%

30. Staff Composition Number of librarians will remain about the same. Librarians will do less selection, reference, and instruction. New librarian roles will include, teaching new information skills, developing and managing systems and building collections of curated content.

31. Staff Composition If librarians will appropriate cannot be found, non-librarians will those skill sets will be hired.

32. Flexible Staffing and Flexible Staff Culture that values learning and exploration Strategy for hiring and retaining people with needed skills and personal characteristics Commitment to invest in staff and organizational development

33. Principles of Disruptive Innovation Clayton M. Christensen and Michael E. Raynor, The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, 2003 Clayton M. Christensen; Scott D. Anthony, and Erik A. Roth, Seeing What’s Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change, 2004

34. Principles of Disruptive Innovation Mantra: Make products and services more reliable, more convenient, and cheaper

35. Principles of Disruptive Innovation Exploratory project development Be impatient for success with small projects, but don’t be in a hurry to grow the project to full scale –Encourages action and risk taking

36. Principles of Disruptive Innovation Begin with simple projects that meet the needs of undemanding users and then move up market to provide services to more demanding users Don’t ask users what they want, rather watch what they do

37. Principles of Disruptive Innovation We should encourage standards that allow for modularization of the scholarly information value chain –SFX and OAI over ScienceDirect® Add value where things are “not good enough” and don’t worry where they are “good enough”

38. Principles of Disruptive Innovation Look for solutions outside the library world

39. “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cat. “I don't much care where—“ said Alice. “Then it doesn't matter which way you go,” said the Cat. “--so long as I get somewhere,” Alice added as an explanation. “Oh, you're sure to do that,” said the Cat, “if you only walk long enough.” — Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

40. Questions ? David W. Lewis Dlewis@iupui.edu Paper available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/665