2. Database Development Cycle Track 3: Managing Information Using Database

3. Objectives –Database planning –System Definition –Requirements collection and analysis –Database design –DBMS selection –Application design –Prototyping –Implementation –Data Conversion and loading –Testing –Operational Maintenance

4. Database Planning Systems Definition Requirements Collection and analysis Database Design DBMS Selection Application Design Implementation Data Conversion and loading Testing Evaluation & Maintenance Prototyping Life Cycle Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm

5. Database Planning Current systems evaluation Development of Standards Technological feasability Operational feasability Economical feasability

6. Requirements Collection and Analysis identifying management information requirements, determining information requirements by functional area, and establishing hardware and software requirements Systems definition Data dictionary Metadata

7. Database Design Conceptual design Logical design Physical design

8. DBMS Selection *Costs *Features and Tools *Underlying model *Portability *DBMS hardware requirements

9. Application design Application program design User Interface design

10. Prototyping Develop the working model Build the prototype Use and Test the prototype Review the prototype Decision Abandon application Implement Application Redevelop Application Begin new prototype

11. Implementation The physical realisation of the database and application designs the detailed model is converted to the appropriate implementation model, the data dictionary is built, the database is populated, application programs are developed and users are trained

12. Data Conversion and Loading & Testing Transferring any existing data into the new database and converting any existing applications to run on the new database Finding errors

13. Database Evaluation Interviewing and polling users to determine whether any data needs are unmet.

14. Operational maintenance preventive maintenance (backup) corrective maintenance (recovery)1 adaptive maintenance assignment of access regular monitoring & periodical check up

15. Data & Database administration Data administration is the management of the data resources Database administration is the management of physical realisation of the database application

16. Database design methodology A structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design. *Conceptual database design *Logical database design *Physical database design

17. Entity, Attribute, Relationship Client Name Address Postcode Passport Passport No Exp.Data Itinerary Date City Contact Entity Attribute Relationship

18. Conceptual Design Phase

19. Basic relationships One-to-One One-to-many Many to many HUSBANDWIFE is married to TRACKPARTICIPANTS belongs to has Track is helds in holds Trainer

20. Logical design phase 1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL Conceptual E.A.R Model Refined Conceptual Model 2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION Logical Data Model

21. Refining the Conceptual model Refine the attributes –example: Synonyms Hononyms

22. Physical Database Design Logical Data ModelLogical Process Model TR Track01 Country Database creation CREATE DATABASE CREATE TABLE LOAD Physical Implementation Process

23. Critical Success Factors in Database Design Work interactively with the users as much as possible. Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modelling process. Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into the data models. Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and transaction validation techniques into the data modelling methodology.

24. Exercise (Conceptual design) List 1 List 2 Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database Participant code Participant name AgePositionCountryAddress Country codeCountry nameParticipant codeParticipant nameTrack name Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessary DATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among the entities ) List 1 is the list of participants’ information by track List 2 is the list of participants’ information by countries

25. Answer Zero one or many Just one One or many Just one

26. Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key Participant code Participant name AgePositionAddressCountry code Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code Please identify primary and foreign key. Primary key Foreign key

27. Answer Participant code Participant name AgePositionAddressCountry code Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code