1. The Civil Rights era

2. Jackie Robinson Integrated baseball in 1947 Played for Brooklyn (later LA) Dodgers Became one of best players ever

3. Integration of Armed Forces 1948 – Truman integrated military Korean War 1 st US war fought with desegregated units

4. Brown v. BOE 1954 – Topeka, Kansas SC case outlawed segregated schools Violated Equal Protection Clause –Portion of 14 th amendment –Citizens must be treated equally

6. After Brown (1954) Southern states vowed policy of Massive Resistance –Whites would refuse to allow decision to be enforced Many places in south didn’t integrate until 1970s

7. Rosa Parks 1955 – Montgomery AL Arrested for refusing to give up seat on bus to white passenger Resulted in Montgomery Bus Boycott –Leader was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

9. Rosa Parks : 1913-2005

10. School integration 1957 – Central HS, Little Rock, AR 9 Black students tried to integrate school Gov ordered Natl Guard to stop them Eisenhower called in the US Army to allow them to enter school

13. Lunch Counter Sit-ins 1960 – Greensboro, NC Young Black men sat at segregated lunch counter in Woolworth’s store –Started a wave of sit-ins around south

15. SCLC After Montgomery Bus Boycott: –Martin Luther King, Jr. (and others) moved on to other civil rights issues Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference

16. SCLC & SNCC Focused on nonviolent protest –Allowed members of all races & religions Student members (many were involved in sit ins) formed SNCC –Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comm

18. Freedom Rides 1961 – throughout south –Organized by CORE & SNCC Group of whites & blacks rode buses through south –Stood up to segregation laws for buses –Got attacked in AL & MS

19. Attack on bus in Anniston, AL

21. Ole Miss 1962 – James Meredith 1 st Black man admitted to U of Mississippi Was ushered in by US Marshals

22. Ole Miss

23. Letter from Birmingham Jail 1963 – MLK held in jail for protests Replied to local African American ministers calling for “patience” –Must fight segregation & discrimination now –“Justice delayed is justice denied”

24. Letter from Birmingham Jail 1963 – MLK held in jail for protests Replied to local whites calling for “unity” (asking for protests to stop) –It’s OK to peacefully resist unjust laws –“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”

25. March on Washington 1963 – Washington DC Over 200,000 protesters –MLK gave speech at Lincoln Memorial “I have a dream”

26. Civil Rights Act (1964) Outlawed discrimination in places of “public accommodation” –Restaurants, hotels, stores, etc. –Feds can force states to follow law

28. Voting Rights Act (1965) Banned discriminations that kept Blacks from voting –Grandfather clause, literacy test, etc.