1. ANCIENT GREEK MEDICINE Jonathon Erlen, Ph.D.

6. We cannot really talk about medical "science" in these 2 civilizations, as their approach to ill health and medicine was religious rather than scientific as we use this term today.

8. We must, however, be very careful not to overstate the views and contributions of ancient Greek medicine. Their anatomical and physiological opinions did not directly lead to modern Western medicine.

9. In fact, much of the Greek medical legacy would actually hinder the evolution of medical science in the Western world.

10. Ancient Greek society was built around the polis, or city- state, such as Athens and Sparta. The polis was roughly the size of one of our current counties and contained one major city or town.

14. HOMER

15. His 2 epic works were the Illiad and the Odyssey

16. Homer continued the Mesopotamian and Egyptian theory of disease causation by blaming diseases on divine intervention by the gods.

18. The first recorded natural philosopher of Miletus was Thales, whom we can say flourished in 580 B.C. Thales was a wealthy man who had made a fortune selling olive presses and then retired.

19. THALES

20. In retirement this philosopher speculated about the nature of "being", in other words what was Physis [pronounced foosis] or the nature of nature. What caused or was necessary for life?

21. Thales postulated that all life came from hudor, which is Greek for water

22. Thales' idea was ridiculed by following philosophers over the next century who came up with their own definitions of physis, of being. Fire Fire Air Earth

23. Empedocles

24. EMPEDOCLES’ 4 ELEMENTS WATER EARTH FIRE AIR

25. PLATO

28. In one of his books, Timaeus, Plato discusses the basis of good health and the cause of diseases, saying they both depended on the appropriate balance of the 4 elements, proper nutrition, and proper respiration.

29. PLATO

30. Plato did break with Empedocles' teachings concerning the site of intelligence in the body. While Empedocles had place this location in the heart, Plato claimed that intelligence was located in the brain. Plato also credited the blood with providing nutrition throughout the body.

31. PLATO

32. Plato had no first hand medical experience and never dissected animals-he based his medical theories on his studies of the writings of earlier medical authorities and natural philosophers, the works of contemporary medical authors, and tied these views together with his own physical theory of the universe, thus creating a systematic and detailed medical theory for his time.

33. ARISTOTLE

36. ALEXANDER THE GREAT

37. ARISTOTLE

40. TELEOLOGY Nature with a Purpose

41. ARISTOTLE

43. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

49. SOCRATES

50. ASCELPIADS They were iatros, Greek physicians, who were members of the guild dedicated to Asclepios, the healing god of ancient Greece.

51. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

57. COANS The Coans tended to consider the whole person to a greater extent in making their diagnoses and to make a synthesis of the symptoms they observed.

58. COANS The Coans prescribed more systemic treatments.

59. CNIDIANS The Cnidians were more inclined to consider individual symptoms as diseases onto themselves.

60. CNIDIANS As a corollary to their diagnostic ideas the Cnidian iatros used more local treatments.

61. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

64. 4 CARDINALHUMORS BLOOD YELLOW BILE BLACK BILE PHLEGM

69. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

70. EUCRASIA

71. DYSCRASIA

73. EMPEDOCLES’ 4 ELEMENTS WATER EARTH FIRE AIR

77. DYSCRASIA

78. HUMORAL SYSTEM OF DISEASE CAUSATION

79. IATROS

87. POLIS IATROS

89. IATREION

91. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

93. RHIZOTOMISTS

95. THERAPEUTICS DIETARY CHANGES REST AND EXERCISE PHARMACA CHEIRURGIA

96. DIETARY CHANGES

97. REST AND EXERCISE

98. PHARMACA

99. CHEIRURGIA

101. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

103. WOUND SALVE

105. PROGNOIS

107. HIPPOCRATES OF COS

110. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

120. HIPPOCRATES OF COS