1. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
CLASSIFICATION
Biologists want to better understand organisms so they organize them.
One tool that they use to do this is classification—the grouping of objects or information based on similarities.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

2. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
How classification began…
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.
Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

3. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Aristotle’s System
The Greek philosopher Aristotle ( B.C.) developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.
He classified all the organisms he knew into two groups: plants and animals.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

4. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Aristotle’s System
He subdivided plants into three groups, herbs, shrubs, and trees, depending on the size and structure of a plant.
He grouped animals according to various characteristics, including their habitat and physical differences.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

5. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Aristotle’s System
According to his system, birds, bats, and flying insects are classified together even though they have little in common besides the ability to fly.
As time passed, more organisms were discovered and some did not fit easily into Aristotle’s groups, but many centuries passed before Aristotle’s system was replaced.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

6. “binomial nomenclature”
Carolus Linnaeus (1707‑1778), a Swedish botanist
Linnaeus’s system was based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.
He improved the system of naming plants and animals by a two‑word name to identify the genus and species.
“binomial nomenclature”

7. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Linnaeus’ System
Linnaeus’ showed relationships among organisms.
Eventually, some biologists proposed that structural similarities reflect the evolutionary relationships of species.
This way of organizing organisms is the basis of modern classification systems.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

8. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Species Scientific Names
Modern classification systems use a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature that Linnaeus developed to identify species.
In this system, the first word identifies the genus of the organism.
A genus (JEE nus) (plural, genera) consists of a group of similar species.
The second word, which sometimes describes a characteristic of the organism, is called the specific epithet.
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

9. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Species Scientific Names
Thus, the scientific name for each species, referred to as the species name, is a combination of the genus name and specific epithet.
Homo sapiens
Homo = Genus, sapiens = “wise man”
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

10. Why do scientists not want to use common names?
Naming Organisms
Why do we need to name organisms?
What is the name of this organism?
Why do scientists not want to use common names?

11. The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a bird.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest member of the dolphin family.

12. Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do not fly, but glide.
Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a horse, but a fish.

13. Why use a scientific name?
Why do scientist not use common names?
Confusing – more than one common name
Misleading – starfish is not a fish
Why use a scientific name?
There is only one scientific name
Felis concolor

14. Species Scientific Names
United States and England- Sparrow
Spain – gorrion domestico
Holland – huismus
Scientific name: Passer domesticus

15. What are the 2 parts of the scientific name?
What language is used for the scientific naming?
LATIN
What are the 2 parts of the scientific name?
Genus (Latin for group) species
general description exact kind
organisms share a major only 1 kind of organism
characteristic within a genus

16. Recognizing Relationships Tell me something about each of these organisms.
giant saguaro cactus
fragrant water lily
domestic dog
common California mouse
three color pansy
Carnegiea gigantea
Nymphaea odorata
Canis familiaris
Peromyscus californicus
Viola tricolor

17. Genus + species names should be used when referring to an organism
Genus + species names should be used when referring to an organism. Species name alone is not enough.
Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly.
Thamnophis melanogaster is a garter snake.

18. Why are scientific names in Latin?
What is the correct way to write the scientific name?
drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster
D. melanogaster
* Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
Why are scientific names in Latin?
Latin is no longer used in conversation.
It’s tradition.
Universal.

19. Writing the Scientific Names of Animals
Worksheet:
Writing the Scientific Names of Animals

20. COMMONNAME GENUS + SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME
Human Homo + sapiens Homo sapiens
Dog Canis + familiaris Canis familiaris
Spanish lynx Felis + pardina Felispardina
Tiger Panthera + tigris Panthera tigris
Jaguar Panthera + onca Panthera onca
Leopard Panthera + pardus P. pardus
Bullfrog Rana + catesbeiana rana catesbeiana
Cameroon Toad Bufo + superciliaris Bufo superciliaris
Houston Toad Bufo + houstonensis Bufo houstonensis
Nile crocodile Crocodylus + niloticus Crocodylus niloticus
Caiman Caiman + crocodilus Caiman crocodilus
Jamaican boa Epicrates + subflavus Epicrates subflavus
Puerto Rican boa Epicrates + inornatus Epicrates inornatus
Jamaican iguana Cyclura + collei Cyclura Collei
Mona iguana Cyclura + stejnegeri Cyclura stejnegeri
Desert monitor Varanus + griseus Varanus griseus
Komodo dragon Varnaus + komodoensis varanus Komodoensis
Aquatic box turtle Terrapene + coahuila Terrapene coahuila
Peregrine falcon Falco + peregrinus Falco peregrinus
Piping plover Charadrius melodus Charadrius melodus
Audouin's gull Larus + audouinii Larus audouinii
Relict gull Larus + relictus Larus relictus
Tooth cave spider Leptoneta + myopica Leptoneta myopica

21. Question 4
What is the difference between “classification” and “taxonomy?”
Answer
Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies and names organisms based on their different characteristics.
Section 1 Check

22. Question 5 Answer What are the two parts that make up
binomial nomenclature?
Answer
Binomial nomenclature comprises a genus name followed by a specific epithet.
Section 1 Check