1. Important Leaders in Ancient Greece and Rome
Glencoe World History
pages

2. Standards
SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE.
b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar.

3. Introduction

5. Alexander the Great
King of Macedonia who inherited control of Greece from his father, Philip II, who had conquered the region
Sought to fulfill his father’s dream of conquering the Persian Empire
Motivated by the desire for glory and empire but also by the desire to avenge the Persian burning of Athens

7. Alexander’s Conquests
334 BC Alexander entered Asia Minor with an army of 37,000 men, both Macedonians and Greeks
By 332 BC Syria, Palestine, and Egypt were under his control
Built Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt
331 BC victory at Gaugamela gave Alexander possession of the Persian Empire ui

8. Alexander’s Conquests
Over the next 3 years, Alexander moved east and northeast as far as modern Pakistan
In 326 BC he entered India, where his soldiers refused to go farther
On the return trip home thousands died from lack of water as they traveled through the desert of Southern Iran
Alexander returned to Babylon where he planned more campaigns but died there in June 323 BC, exhausted from wounds, fever, and too much alcohol

9. The Legacy of Alexander
A great military leader; inspired his men
Extended Greek and Macedonian rule over a vast area
Stimulated the economies of Greece & Macedon
Created military monarchies
Due to his conquests, Greek language, architecture, literature and art spread throughout Southwest Asia and the Near East
The Greeks also absorbed aspects of Eastern culture

11. From Republic to Empire
In 60 BC , three men Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar formed the First Triumvirate.
A triumvirate is a government by three people with equal power.
After Crassus was killed in battle, civil war emerged between Pompey and Julius Caesar
Caesar was made dictator in 45 BC

12. Julius Caesar’s Reforms
Gave land to the poor
Increased the Senate to 900 members
Increasing the numbers and filling it with his supporters, weakened the power of the Senate
Planned more building projects and military adventures but was executed in 44 BC

14. Augustus Caesar Age of Augustus- 31 BC to 14 AD
Octavian (Julius Caesar's heir and grandnephew) was his given name
Given the name Augustus in 27 BC
Given title Imperator, or commander in chief
The first Roman emperor

15. Augustus Caesar
Maintained a standing army of 28 legions (about 150,000 men)
Stabilized the frontiers of the Roman Empire, conquering many new areas
Attempted to conquer Germany but failed