1. ADAPTATION & EVOLUTION I. Life Characteristics

2. 1. Highly Organized

3. 2. Transform Energy

4. 3. Reproduce

5. 4. Growth & Development

6. 5. Irritable & Adaptable

7. 6. Homeostasis

8. II. Forces Acting on Life A. Natural Selection

9. 1. Definition Variations within a population allows for varying success for survival and reproduction. 2. History E. E. Darwin (1775), 3. Effects T. Malthus (1798),J. Lamark (1798), C. Lyell (1840’s),& C. C. Darwin (1850)

13. B. Genetics

14. 1. Definition Study of the patterns of inheritance a. Blending b. Mendelian Offspring were a blending of their parents or an intermediate form. Showed how inheritance came from passing units of information from generation to generation.

18. c. Mendelian Terms Allele d. Hardy-Weinberg Principle Explains allelic frequencies in populations. Requirements for H-W: 1. random mating, 2. No mutations, 3. Large population size, 4. No immigration, and 5. No natural selection occurence H-W Equation is (p2 (p2 + 2pq +q2 +q2 = 1) 1) used to calculate the gene frequencies within a population. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous Dominance vs. Recessive Genotype vs. Phenotype

22. C. Mutation

23. 1. Definition A random change in the genetic make-up of an organism that increases its success in a population. a. How? Viruses, Random Combinations, Deletions, Duplications, Inversions,Chemicals, etc.

26. D. Environmental Forces

27. 1. Allopatric Forces = separation of a population by geological changes

28. 2. Sympatric Forces = separation of a population by behavioral changes

29. E. Breeding Forces

30. 1. Genetic Drift = random fluctuations of genes due to chance occurrence

31. 1. Genetic Drift = random fluctuations of genes due to chance occurrence

32. 2. Genetic Flow = random fluctuations of genes due to immigration or emigration

33. III. Organizing Life A. Criteria B. The Plan

34. 1. HistoryAristotle, Anaxamander, & Linnaeus 2. Taxa D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S

35. Learning comes with understanding.