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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 7: Organizing Ideas Reading Across the Disciplines: College Reading and Beyond, 3/e Kathleen McWhorter
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers In this chapter you will learn how to: Organize ideas by: Highlighting Annotating Paraphrasing Outlining Mapping Summarizing
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Highlighting Analyze the assignment. Assess your familiarity with the subject. Read first, then highlight. Use the boldface headings. Highlight main ideas and only key supporting details. (continued)
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Highlighting Avoid highlighting complete sentences. Move quickly through the document as you highlight. Develop a consistent system of highlighting. Highlight no more than 15-25% of any given page.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Annotating Circling unknown words Marking definitions Marking examples Numbering lists of ideas, causes, reasons, or events Placing asterisks next to important passages (Continued)
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Annotating Putting question marks next to confusing passages Making notes to yourself Marking possible test items Drawing arrows to show relationships Writing comments, noting disagreements and similarities Marking summary statements
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Paraphrasing A paraphrase is a restatement of a passage’s ideas in your own words.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Paraphrasing Effectively Read slowly and carefully. Read the material entirely before writing. Pay attention to exact meanings and relationships among ideas. Paraphrase sentence by sentence. (continued)
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Read each sentence and express the key idea in your own words. Don’t try to paraphrase word by word. Instead, work with ideas. For words or phrases you are unsure of, check a dictionary. You may combine several sentences into a more concise paraphrase. Paraphrasing Effectively
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Outlining Read an entire section and then jot down notes. As you read, be alert for organizational patterns. Record the most important ideas in the briefest possible form. Think of your outline as a list of the main ideas and supporting details of a selection.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Write in your own words; do not copy sentences or parts of sentences from the selection. Use a system of indentation to separate main ideas and details. Outlining
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Use Indentations to Separate Main Ideas and Details TOPIC Main Idea Supporting Detail fact Supporting Detail Main Idea Supporting Detail fact
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships Mapping – drawing of a diagram to describe how a topic and its related ideas are connected. Visual means of learning by writing; organizes and consolidates information.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships (Concept Mapping) Identify the topic and write it in the center of the page. Identify ideas, aspects, parts, and definitions that are related to the topic. Draw each detail on a line radiating from the topic. As you discover further details, draw new lines branching from the idea that the details explain.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships (Concept Mapping) TOPIC Detail Diagram presents ideas spatially rather than in list form.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships (Process Diagrams) Diagram visually describes steps, variables, or parts of a process. The Search Process PeriodicalsBooksEncyclopedia Overview of Topic Detailed Information Basic Information
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships (Time Lines) Shows sequence or order of events as a central focus. 1932—F.D.R. elected President 1933—Emergency Banking Relief Act 1934—Securities and Exchange Commission authorized 1936—F.D.R. reelected
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Mapping to Show Relationships (Part & Function Diagrams) Diagrams that are labeled drawing. Use and description or classification of physical objects. Example: learn the parts and functions of the brain by drawing it.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Summarizing to Condense Ideas As a first step, highlight or write brief notes on the material. Write one sentence that states the writer’s overall concern or most important idea. Be sure to paraphrase, using your own words rather than those of the author. Review the major supporting information that the author gives to explain the major idea.
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers The amount of detail you include depends on your purpose for writing the summary. Present ideas in the summary in the same order in which they appeared in the original material. If the writer presents a clear opinion or expresses an attitude toward the subject matter, include it in your summary. If the summary is for your own use only, do not worry about sentence structure. Summarizing to Condense Ideas
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© 2006 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Visit the Companion Website http://www.ablongman.com/mcwhorter
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