1. Microskills Hierarchy
Five-stage interview structure
Reflection of feeling
Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
Client observation skills
Open and closed questions
Attending behavior
Ethics and multicultural competence

2. Anticipating the results of skill useage
The Ivey Taxonomy
Anticipating the results of skill useage

3. First Sections of Taxonomy
Ethics & Multicultural competence
Attending Behaviors
Basic Listening Sequence

4. Ethics & Multicultural Competence
Present in all interviews
Expected Outcome
Clients learn, appreciate, respect your knowledge

5. Attending Behaviors
Individually & culturally appropriate visuals, vocals, verbals, and body language
Expected outcome
Clients talk more freely & respond openly especially about topics to which attention is given (selective attention)

6. Basic Listening Sequence
Open and closed questions
Observation
Encouraging
Paraphrasing
Summarizing

7. Open and closed questions
Open begin with who, what, when, where and why;
Closed begin with is, and are
Expected Outcome
Open = more detail
Closed = more specific
Both = more talk

8. Observation Observing self and other
Verbals & nonverbals plus discrepancies & incongruities
Expected Outcome
Use as foundation for when to apply microskills

9. Encouraging
Verbal (repeat key words) and nonverbal (head nods) to support continued talking
Expected outcome
Topics are elaborated

10. Paraphrasing Feed back a shortened version of what client said
Expected outcome
clients feel heard
Further information given
If inaccurate, allows corrective feedback

11. Summarizing Longer time span than paraphrase Attention to feelings
Expected outcome
Helps integrate thoughts, feelings, behaviors
More centered discussion

12. Reflection of feeling
Identify key emotions; feedback to clarify affective experience
Expected outcome
Helpees go more deeply into feelings

13. Empathic Understanding
The listening skills presented thus far form the behavioral basis on empathy.
The qualitative dimensions such as concreteness, immediacy, and nonjudgmental attitude are also important.

14. Levels of Empathy
Basic empathy – responses roughly interchangeable with those of helpee (level 3, 4, 5 on rating scale)
Additive empathy – adds to helpee statement by going beyond what is said to what is implied (level 6, 7 on rating scale)

15. Positive Regard Responding to the clients as worthy human being
Being nonjudgmental

16. Respect and Warmth
Kinesthetic and nonverbal behaviors that demonstrate value to the client

17. Concreteness
Specific
Thoughts
Feelings
Examples of actions

18. Immediacy Being in the moment Here and now NOT there and then
Use present tense

19. Nonjudgmental Attitude
Operating from a values neutral position
Not imposing one’s own values on client
Change is unlikely without trust

20. Authenticity and Congruence
Are you who you say you are?

21. Five Stages of Interview
Initiating
Gathering Data
Mutual Goal Setting
Exploring Alternatives, Confronting Incongruities
Terminating

22. Initiating the Session
Rapport and Structuring
Expected Outcome
The client will feel at ease and know what to expect.

23. Gathering Data Drawing out stories, concerns, problems, or issues
Expected Consequence:
The client will share thoughts, feelings, and behavior. With the positive asset search, the client will also be expected to share strengths and resources that may be available for the problem.

24. Mutual Goal Setting
What do you want to work on today? / What do you want to happen?
Expected Consequence:
The client will discuss directions in which he or she might want to go, new ways of thinking, desired feeling states, and behaviors that might change. A more ideal story ending might be defined.

25. Working Exploring Alternatives, Confronting Incongruities, restorying.
Expected Consequence:
The client may reexamine individual goals in new ways and start the move toward new stories and action through confronting discrepancies, facing new challenges, and experiencing a variety of influencing skills form the interviewer.

26. Terminating Generalizing and acting on new stories.
Expected Consequence:
If all stages are completed successfully, expect the client to demonstrate change in behavior, thoughts, and feelings in daily life outside of the interview.