2. Bahasa Inggris 1 Disusun oleh: Pikir Wisnu Wijayanto, M.Hum Fihrin Zuhrufillah, M.Pd Yuningsih, S.S Prodi D3 Manajemen Informatika Fakultas Ilmu Terapan Universitas Telkom

3. Basic Competency : The students are able to develop their ability of understanding the reading skills in English text Topic : Reading Strategies Sub topic : Paraphrasing Text Meeting: 14 th

4. Competencies and Indicators BasicIntermediateAdvance able to paraphrase the main ideas of each paragraph and logical and make the affixation of five words from the text correctly able to paraphrase the main ideas of each paragraph and the passage but not logical and make affixation more than five words from the text correctly but their word class categorization is not correct able to paraphrase the main ideas of each paragraph and the passage and logical and make affixation more than five words from the text and categorize their word class correctly

5. Warming up Activity Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. Do not answer with “I don’t know”; instead, talk about what you think a writer does. It’s good to start with what we already know or assume: When do we paraphrase? How do we paraphrase? Can we switch words around? How do we cite our paraphrases? How is paraphrase different than quote? Note: Please do not look anything up with this part. You are thinking about what you already know or have heard about integrating sources into your texts. Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. Do not answer with “I don’t know”; instead, talk about what you think a writer does. It’s good to start with what we already know or assume: When do we paraphrase? How do we paraphrase? Can we switch words around? How do we cite our paraphrases? How is paraphrase different than quote? Note: Please do not look anything up with this part. You are thinking about what you already know or have heard about integrating sources into your texts.

6. What is a Paraphrase? Paraphrasing is when we borrow ideas, language, or phrases from another person’s text; we write these using our own language and sentence patterns Paraphrasing a text (such as a movie, an article, a book chapter, or a song) helps the reader grasp the important parts without having to read the source.

7. Paraphrasing To paraphrase is to say the same thing in another way, using your own words. We can successfully paraphrase by using a combination of techniques.

8. Why Do We Paraphrase? Paraphrasing allows the reader to trust the writer. We walk away from our reading informed, and we have confidence in the researcher because she knows her source materials. Most of your research writing will include paraphrasing. Paraphrase is used more than summary and quotes, Because paraphrase gives more detail than summary and allows more insight and paraphrase prevents overreliance on quoting and shows an author’s careful consideration of the particular source

9. Reviewing When to Quote As a review, writers use quotes sparingly and only with the following rules: Quoting an authority (who is absolutely necessary to include in the paper). Using necessary dialogue. Highlighting necessary bias or opposite opinions. Analyzing unusual language. Ask your instructor for any other times to quote.

11. Paraphrasing Techniques Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or vice versa) Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech (or vice versa) Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice (or vice versa) Change to SynonymsChange Word Forms

12. Change from a Clause to a Phrase After he studied, James took a nap. After studying, James took a nap.  The house across the street is luxurious.  The house that is across the street is luxurious. Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech Mr. David said, “I am ready for dinner.” Mr. David said he was ready for dinner.

13. Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice A hotel employee will carry your bags to your room. Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee to your room. …and Replace Words with Synonyms A hotel employee will carry your bags to your room. A bell boy will pick up your luggage Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee to your room. Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.

14. Change Word Forms Use an adverb instead of an adjective Use a verb to replace a noun. Change to Synonyms Replace the original words with words that mean the same. The stallion was content with the mare. The stallion was happy with the mare. Linda is an accurate typist. Linda types accurately.

15. When You can’t Find a Synonym Replace the original word with a definition. The stallion was content with the mare. The male horse was happy with the female horse.

16. Combine Techniques Change to a phrase & add synonyms or definitions After he ate lunch, Tom took a nap. After eating lunch, Tom slept a little.

17. Combine Techniques Change to a phrase & add synonyms or definitions The house that is across the street is new. The house across the street is new. The house on the other side of the street is new. The dwelling on the other side of the road is modern.

18. Interpret Meaning…….Identify the Underlying Meaning of a Statement. The wolf said, “I am ready for lunch.” The sheep looked very worried. The wolf complained about being hungry which made the sheep extremely anxious. I am ready for Lunch

19. Change Transitions Although it was hard-raining, Fred walked to work. It was hard-raining, but Fred walked to work. It was hard-raining; however, Fred walked to work. … and Change Word Forms Although it was raining, Fred walked to work. It was raining, but Fred walked to work. It was raining; however, Fred walked to work. Despite the rain, Fred went to work on foot.

20. Important Thing to Remember about Paraphrasing Use only important informationParaphrasing is better than quoting too much.We must use our own voice and words

21. Three Paraphrasing Rules We are allowed to use common terms, such as the author’s name or topic. No quotation marks are necessary when we use these. If we borrow any key words, we must put them in quotations. We must box in the source by introducing source first and then citing at the end.

23. References Louis, St Rubena and Pereira, Silvia (2010). Focus on reading. Rubena St. Louis: Venezuela Mikulecky, Beatrice S (1996). More Reading Power. Longman William, E (1984). Reading in the language classroom. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Gunning, Thomas (2010). A step by step program for developing higher level skills in struggling readers. International Reading Association Harmer, Jeremy (2004). Just. Marshall Cavendish Ltd

24. References – cont… www.jccmi.edu/academics/languageliteraturearts/.../132paraphrase.ppt https://www.madonna.edu/ppt/Sum_Para.pptx www.FIPSEheaderPhoto.com homes.ieu.edu.tr/~nafacan/paraphrasing%20techniques.ppt