1. The Breakthrough of Liberalism in the West & the Triumph of the West European Bourgeoisie 11.56-57

2. France 1824-1830 Charles X attempts to re-impose the Old Regime. “July Ordinances” (1830) lead to open revolt, the “July Revolution”. Workers want social reform Bourgeois want constitution of 1814 protected Charles abdicates, Louis Philippe becomes king. Bourgeois happy, radicals not

3. Reform in Great Britain Whigs versus Tories: Whigs come to represent the industrialists/workers Reform Bill of 1832 redistributed the seats of the HOC Parties reform as Liberal and Conservative. 1833 Slavery abolished 1834 Poor Law reformed

4. Tories become champions of the workers. Factory Act of 1833 Ten Hours Act (1847) Corn Law repealed in 1846 by Whigs. End result: Industrial interests are firmly seated in the government. Industry and free trade are #1 in Britain.

5. The Golden Age of the Bourgeoisie Not nobility. Increasing stake in society. Increasing difference between bourgeoisie and labor. Rapid increase in industry. Corporations

6. The Frustration of Labor Did not get the right to vote Supply and demand affect wages No protection from cyclical market forces Leads to the formation of labor unions Collective bargaining Socialism Compensation based on need

7. Chartism in England The Charter of 1838 Annual election Universal suffrage Secret ballots Equal electoral districts No property qualifications in HOC Salaries for HOC Rejected by Parliament Social problems remain unresolved