1. Communists Triumph in China
Chapter 17 / Section 2

2. Civil War in China
When Japan invaded China in 1937 they were in the middle of a bitter Civil War. TWO GROUPS?
Mao Zedong, leader of the Communists had a stronghold in Northwest China, fought with peasants.

3. Civil War in China

4. Civil War in China (cont’d)
Jiang Jieshi, formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek, led the Nationalists. Dominated Southwest.
Aided by the United States; the Nationalists received $1.5 billion in aid to fight the Japanese ( ).
But not much went to troops; went to corrupt leaders and fight with Communists.

5. Chinese Civil War

6. Civil War in China (cont’d)
Once Japan surrendered the civil war renewed.
Nationalists outnumbered the Communists 3:1; also received more aid from the United States.
However, by October, 1949 Mao and the Communists controlled the country. Nationalists retreat to Taiwan.
Now known as People’s Republic of China. TWO NATIONS?

7. Two Chinas and the Cold War
With the United States aiding the Nationalists; the Soviets started to aid the Communist.
Superpowers Collide over Japan and Korea.
In China took control of Tibet, breaking a so-called autonomous area. The Dalai Lama fled to India.

8. Transformation and Revolution
Once the Chinese Communist took control, tightened control of country.
However, Communists only made up 1% of the country.
Set up government like Soviets, Communist Party and National government.

9. Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)
Mao’s Socialism:
1) Mao forced peasants to join collective farms.
2) Women became equal at home and work place.
3) Mao installs Five-Year Plan in SUCCESFUL?

10. Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)
Five-Year Plan was so successful, led to communes, large collective farms. Planned poor, not liked.
Program dies in 1961, no success.
In 1966, Mao starts the Red Guards, militia units that “learn revolution by making revolution.”

11. Red Guard

12. Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)
Rise of the Red Guard became known as the Cultural Revolution.
Goal: establish society of peasants and workers who are equal.