1. The Triumph of Industry
Technology and Industrial Growth

2. Natural Resources
The country’s growth was fueled by our many natural resources.
Coal mines powered trains, forests were cut for lumber, rivers were used to transports goods, and in 1859 Edwin Drake drilled first oil well.

3. NEW INDUSTRIES Oil Mining Sugar Steel Meatpacking Beef/Cattle
Construction
Telegraph
Telephone
Railroad
Marketing
Sewing Machine
Vacuums
Typewriters
Automobile
Salt
Coal
Agricultural

6. NEW SOUTH

7. Growing Workforce
Many immigrants came to the U.S. after the Civil War. (Asians and Europeans)
Push Factors- Things that push people out of their country to go somewhere else. (Religious discrimination, political war, crop failures)
Pull Factors- Things that are appealing for someone who is looking for a place of refuge from their current living place. (Economic opportunity, freedom of religion, political stability)

8. Immigrants were willing to work for for low wages because the competition was great and they wanted economic opportunities that they did not have in their home countries.
By 1905, 1 million immigrants have come to America to live.

9. Immigrants from Europe
Immigrants provided the labor force for industrial expansion of the US.
They also became the customers who in return bought the items produced.
Old New New New

10. Chart: Rise of Immigrants
IMMIGRATION
1,593,000
181,1880
2,753,00
926,000
1,110,000
1,847,000
1,069,000
5,780,000
540,000
2,928,000
Old = England and Germany
New = Southern Europe: Italy, Russia, Poland
Chart: Rise of Immigrants

11. Capitalism and Entrepreneurs
Capitalism- Free Enterprise, where individuals own most businesses.
Entrepreneurs- People who invest money in a product or enterprise to make a profit.
The industry these people made created more jobs and also attracted foreign investment.

12. Government Policies Encourage Free Enterprise
Government policies encouraged the success of business in the late 1800s.
Ex: The government would give railroad companies millions of acres of land in return for their promise to quickly link the East and West Coast.

13. Government Policies Encourage Free Enterprise
Protective Tariffs
Taxes that make imported goods cost more than those products that are made locally.
Laissez-faire
Policy that allows businesses to operate under minimal government regulation.
“Hands off, Leave business alone”

14. Electricity Transforms Life
Patent- Grant by the federal government giving the inventor the right to develop, use, and sell an innovation for a set period of time.
Thomas Edison- Supported by J.P. Morgan. Received more than 1,000 patents for new innovations such as the light bulb.
He later developed plans for a central power plant for cities.
George Westinghouse- developed technology to send electricity over long distances.

15. Improving Communications
Samuel Morse- Telegraph technology or sending messages over wire.
Alexander Graham Bell- Telephone
By 1900 there were more than 1 million telephones across the country
Guglielmo Marconi- wireless telegraph leading to later the development of the radio

16. Thomas Alva Edison
“Wizard of Menlo Park”

17. “Wizard of Menlo Park”
Edison Inventions helped to shape modern society
More than 1,000 inventions patented
Light bulb
Phonograph
Incandescent electric lamp
Starter for automobiles that eliminated hand crank
Batteries
Perfected stock ticker
New York City first city to powered by electricity
The motion picture camera and projector
First used “hello” as phone greeting
Helped Alexander G. Bell with the telephone

18. The Light Bulb

19. The Phonograph (1877)

20. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

21. The Motion Picture Camera

22. Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone (1876)

23. Between 1800 to 1900, US Govt. issued 500,000 patents
KEY INVENTIONS
BETWEEN 1860 TO 1900
Elevator
Bessemer Process
Sewing Machine
Dynamite
Typewriter
Levi Blue Jeans/Basketball
Telephone
Phonograph
Light bulb and cash register
Zipper
Gasoline automobile and skyscraper
New York City---first city to have electricity--1890
Radio
Subway
X-ray
Between 1800 to 1900, US Govt. issued 500,000 patents

24. Steel
Henry Bessemer- Developed process for purifying iron, resulting in steel. Bessemer Process
By 1890 the U.S. was outproducing Britain.
Steel allowed for the production of skyscrapers, elevators, and suspension bridges.
1st suspension bridge was the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1883 it was the longest bridge in the world.

25. BESSEMER PROCESS New Uses for Steel
In 1856 Henry Bessemer devised a way of converting iron into steel on a large scale.
His invention involved blowing air through molten iron in a converter, or furnace, in order to burn off the excess carbon.
His invention revolutionized the Industrial Age.
New Uses for Steel
Steel used in railroads, barbed wire, farm machines
Changes construction: Brooklyn Bridge; steel-framed skyscrapers

26. With the Bessemer Process and Carnegie steel, Skyscrapers revolutionized the building industry…..
Major city skylines would be dotted with this new type of building as the 1900’s begin.

27. Technology and Transportation
George Westinghouse Air brakes for trains
Granville Woods Telegraph system for trains.
Gustavus Swift refrigerated cars for transporting food.
1884- world divided in to 24 different time zones.
Electric streetcars, commuter trains, and subways started to appear in major cities.
1903- Wright brothers flew first airplane.
Americans could now commute to work and not have to live in the city.

28. What helped the railroad industry prosper? Westinghouse Air Brakes
Bessemer Process
Westinghouse Air Brakes
Steel Rails
Standard Gauge
Pullman Cars

29. A Growing Nation
Railroads transformed industries because they could transport large amounts of goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently. They also linked every part of the nation.
Railroads stimulated growth in other industries.
Mass Production- making large quantities of goods quickly and inexpensively.

30. Linking World Markets
By the 1880s the U.S. had as many miles of railroads as the whole rest of the world combined.
Goods could easily be made and then transported to ports where they could be shipped all around the world.
The export of food and goods greatly expanded the American economy.

31. Changing American Society
Farmers became mechanized, meaning fewer workers were needed to do the work that machines were now doing.
Out of work farmers were moving to cities.
Mass production meant that clothing and supplies were more affordable.
Higher costs of living, low wages and repetitive work in factories affected how the citizens lived.

32. Environment
Not much thought had gone on about preserving the environment.
Mining was destroying land, agricultural production lead to erosion and dust storms.
Concern about the environment would lead to agencies to protect the land.
Yellowstone Park in 1872 was one of the first federal responses to the concerns about the environment.