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Independence Movements China: Civil War
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Agenda 3/20/14 Warm-up and Review Homework Quiz on World War II Notes on China Civil War Venn Diagram Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War Syrian Civil War Syrian Civil War Syrian Civil War
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Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) 1912 – Nationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty which had ruled China since 1644 1912 – Sun Yixian became the President of China (goals – end to foreign control, democracy, and economic security for all Chinese) – ineffective leader 1913 – Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) became President of China – ruled as a military dictator (sparked revolts throughout China – period of instability)
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Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) May 4, 1919 (May Fourth Movement) – After hearing about the Versailles Treaty, many students, workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and professionals protested Western influence/democracy in China and opted for Lenin’s brand of Soviet communism While the Communist Party was forming, Sun Yixian and his Nationalist Party set up a government in South China 1911 Revolution 1911 Revolution
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Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) April 1927 – Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists attacked the Communists in Shanghai 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of the Nationalist Republic of China 1927-1949 – Civil War between Nationalists and Communists
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Nationalists Leader - Chiang Kai-shek Area Ruled - Southern China Foreign Support - United States Public Support - Weak due to inflation and failing economy Military Organization - Ineffective, corrupt leadership and poor morale
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Communists Leader - Mao Zedong Area Ruled - Northern China Foreign Support - Soviet Union Public Support - Strong due to promised land reform Military Organization - Experienced, motivated guerilla army
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Two Chinas Emerge China had split into two nations – Island of Taiwan (Nationalist China) and the People’s Republic of China (mainland China) Chiang Kai-shek – ruler of Nationalist China Mao Zedong – ruler of People’s Republic of China
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Great Leap Forward (1958- 1960) abandon the Soviet model of economic development people’s communes unrealistic output targets industry agricultural and human disaster Great Leap Forward Great Leap Forward
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Cultural Revolution Mao’s goal was to get rid of privilege ruling class Mao issued reforms meant to erase all traces of Western Influence Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution
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Cultural Revolution Mao’s Little Red Book, a collection of teachings on communism, became a popular symbol of the Cultural Revolution The whole plan failed miserably in advancing China socially or economically
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After Mao’s Death Xeng Diapong Took over after Mao’s Death Reformed China’s economy to a market economy Continued communist control of government
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