1. Revolution & Nationalism Chapter 14 (pp.430-459)

2. Revolution Nationalism Widespread social unrest in Russia & China led to revolution. Widespread social unrest in Russia & China led to revolution. Nationalist movements in India, China, & Southwest Asia successfully challenged the British, Chinese & Ottoman Empires. Nationalist movements in India, China, & Southwest Asia successfully challenged the British, Chinese & Ottoman Empires.

3. Why did revolution occur in Russia? Cruel, oppressive rule by czars Cruel, oppressive rule by czars Censorship on published & written documents, including private letters Censorship on published & written documents, including private letters Secret police watched schools; spies & informers Secret police watched schools; spies & informers Political prisoners exiled to Siberia Political prisoners exiled to Siberia Discrimination, oppression & violence against non- Russians (Jews, Poles) Discrimination, oppression & violence against non- Russians (Jews, Poles) Poor working conditions, low wages Poor working conditions, low wages Russia lost in a war with Japan Russia lost in a war with Japan Discontent with involvement in the Great War Discontent with involvement in the Great War

4. The Revolutionary Movement Worker dissatisfaction – Marxists believed the proletariat would overthrow the czar & rule the country Worker dissatisfaction – Marxists believed the proletariat would overthrow the czar & rule the country Lenin led the Bolsheviks Lenin led the Bolsheviks Bloody Sunday – 1905 – workers killed in a demonstration, strikes & violence followed Bloody Sunday – 1905 – workers killed in a demonstration, strikes & violence followed Millions killed, wounded, taken prisoner in WWI; soldiers mutinied, deserted, ignored orders Millions killed, wounded, taken prisoner in WWI; soldiers mutinied, deserted, ignored orders Wife Alexandra ran the government under the influence of Rasputin Wife Alexandra ran the government under the influence of Rasputin Food & fuel shortages, inflation Food & fuel shortages, inflation March Revolution – 1917 – strikes & riots March Revolution – 1917 – strikes & riots Civil war – Bolsheviks vs the White Army Civil war – Bolsheviks vs the White Army

5. The Bolshevik Revolution Took the palace & government offices Took the palace & government offices Gave land to peasants & control of factories to workers Gave land to peasants & control of factories to workers Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (truce with Germany & surrendered vast territory) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (truce with Germany & surrendered vast territory) Royal family murdered Royal family murdered 14 million died 14 million died State-controlled society State-controlled society

6. The Communist Party Restructured the government Restructured the government Revived the economy Revived the economy Took control of banks, major industries, communications Took control of banks, major industries, communications Renamed the country – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Renamed the country – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Stalin rose to power Stalin rose to power

7. Absolute Power Totalitarianism Ideology State Control Of People Methods of Enforcement Technology State Control of Society One-party Rule Dynamic Leader

8. Dynamic Leader Unites, inspires people Unites, inspires people Symbolizes the government Symbolizes the government Justifies his actions Justifies his actions

9. Ideology One-Party Rule Identifies beliefs Identifies beliefs Glorifies goals of the state Glorifies goals of the state Justifies government actions Justifies government actions The party dominates the government The party dominates the government Exercises absolute authority Exercises absolute authority

10. State Control of Individuals Society Demands loyalty & obedience Demands loyalty & obedience Denies basic liberties Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state Business Business Labor Labor Housing Housing Education Education Religion Religion Arts Arts Personal life Personal life Youth groups Youth groups

11. Methods of Control Police terror Police terror Indoctrination Indoctrination Censorship Censorship Persecution Persecution Mass communication Mass communication Advanced military weapons Advanced military weapons

12. Economic Control Government made all economic decisions – called command economy Government made all economic decisions – called command economy Set goals for rapid industrial growth Set goals for rapid industrial growth Chose workers & set wages Chose workers & set wages Told workers where they could live Told workers where they could live Organized collective farms to produce food for the state Organized collective farms to produce food for the state