1. Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. Nationalism Unites the Country
The War of 1812 increased American nationalism, a feeling of pride, loyalty, & protectiveness toward your nation
Representative Henry Clay was a strong nationalist
Wanted to strengthen the country and unify its regions
Created the American System
Make our own clothes, food, and weapons

3. American System Promoted by Henry Clay Had 3 main actions
Establish a protective tariff, tax on imported goods that protects a nation’s businesses from foreign competition
American made goods
Establish a nat’l bank that would promote a single currency, which would make trade easier
2nd nat’l bank created in 1816
Improve the nation’s transportation system
Erie Canal

4. Era of Good Feelings James Monroe is president in 1816
Democratic-Republican
Nationalist feeling spread
Federalist gave very little opposition to Monroe
Boston journalists referred to this period of political differences diminish…..Era of Good Feelings

5. Transportation Links Cities
Improvement in roads, canals, & railroads promoted transportation
Allowed for people to trade easier & more quickly from state to state
National Road- 1841, the country’s main east-west route, extended to Vandalia, Illinois
Erie Canal- created a water route b/t New York City & Buffalo, NY
NY became the nation’s largest city
B/T , its population nearly doubled

6. Sectional Tensions Increase
Although nationalism grew, sectionalism was threatening to tear the nation apart
Sectionalism is loyalty to the interest of a region or section of the country
Economy and politics main cause
South relied on plantation economy that used slave labor
North depended on manufacturing and trade
West, settlers wanted cheap land
Interest of these sections were often in conflict

7. Missouri applies for statehood
Missouri wanted statehood in 1817
People in Missouri wanted to allow slavery in their state
Before Missouri
11 free states, 11 slave states
Adding Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance of power in Congress

8. Missouri Compromise
Representatives in Congress argued over admitting Missouri as a slave or free state
Southerners
Constitution didn’t give Congress the power to ban slavery
Worried that if free states gained a majority in Congress they would ban slavery altogether

9. Representative Thomas Cobb of Georgia……
“If you persist, the Union will be dissolved. You have kindled a fire which… seas of blood can only extinguish.”

10. Missouri Compromise of 1820
At the same time as the Missouri conflict, Maine which was apart of Mass. wanted statehood
Henry Clay suggested that Missouri be admitted as a slave state & Maine as a free state
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Kept the balance of power b/t slave & free states
Slavery would be banned north of the parallel 36⁰30′, Missouri’s southern border
“Mason-Dixon Line” (PA/MD border)

12. National Boundaries and Foreign Affairs
Nationalist wanted to define the nation’s borders
Needed to create agreements w/ Britain & Spain
Britain
1818 set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains

13. Spain
Florida (FL)
Escaped slaves and pirates used as refuge
Seminoles of East FL raided white settlements in GA to reclaim lost lands
Andrew Jackson followed Seminoles into FL & took control of 2 cities (1817- Seminole Wars)
Monroe ordered Jackson to leave but gave Spain 2 choices
Police the border or give up FL to the U.S.
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, handed FL to the U.S. from Spain & gave up Spanish claims in the Oregon Territory

14. The Monroe Doctrine Wanted to end international threat to the U.S.
from Spain & Portugal to regain territories lost to the U.S.
From Russia b/c their trading posts reached almost to San Francisco by 1812 from Alaska
1823, President Monroe issued a statement that became known as the Monroe Doctrine
Really written by John Quincy Adams
The Americas were closed to further colonization
European efforts to reestablish colonies would be seen as “dangerous to our peace and safety”
U.S. would stay out of European affairs