1. AMERICA IN VIETNAM CHAPTER 30, SECTION 1

2. IMPORTANT TERMS HO CHI MINH HO CHI MINH VIETMINH VIETMINH DOMINO THEORY DOMINO THEORY DIEN BIEN PHU DIEN BIEN PHU GENEVA ACCORDS GENEVA ACCORDS NGO DINH DIEM NGO DINH DIEM VIETCONG VIETCONG HO CHI MINH TRAIL HO CHI MINH TRAIL TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

3. IMPORTANT DATES 1941: JAPAN CONQUERS INDOCHINA 1941: JAPAN CONQUERS INDOCHINA 1946: FRANCE RETAKES INDOCHINA 1946: FRANCE RETAKES INDOCHINA MAY, 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU MAY, 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU JULY, 1954: JULY, 1954: THE GENEVA ACCORDS THE GENEVA ACCORDS VIETNAM DIVIDED INTO NORTH & SOUTH VIETNAM DIVIDED INTO NORTH & SOUTH 1957: VIETCONG BEGIN OPERATIONS 1957: VIETCONG BEGIN OPERATIONS 1963: DIEM ASSASSINATED 1963: DIEM ASSASSINATED AUGUST, 1964: AUGUST, 1964: THE TONKIN GULF INCIDENT THE TONKIN GULF INCIDENT THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION 1965: OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER 1965: OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER

4. FRENCH INDOCHINA BACKGROUND: BACKGROUND: WHERE? VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS WHERE? VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS WHEN? MID-1800’S WHEN? MID-1800’S WHY? NATURAL RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION & ECONOMIC EXPANSION WHY? NATURAL RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION & ECONOMIC EXPANSION RUBBER RUBBER RICE RICE LARGE LABOR FORCE LARGE LABOR FORCE EFFECT? EFFECT? VIETNAMESE RESENT FOREIGN RULE VIETNAMESE RESENT FOREIGN RULE 1930’s & 40’s: NATIONALIST OPPOSITION GROUPS BEGIN 1930’s & 40’s: NATIONALIST OPPOSITION GROUPS BEGIN

6. WW II 1941: JAPAN INVADES / OCCUPIES INDOCHINA 1941: JAPAN INVADES / OCCUPIES INDOCHINA WHY? JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES & MILITARY BASES WHY? JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES & MILITARY BASES NEW OPPOSITION GROUP APPEARS: VIETMINH NEW OPPOSITION GROUP APPEARS: VIETMINH VIETMINH: VIETMINH: ORIGINALLY A NATIONALIST GROUP ORIGINALLY A NATIONALIST GROUP FOUNDED BY HO CHI MINH FOUNDED BY HO CHI MINH GOALS: GOALS: AN INDEPENDENT, SOVEREIGN VIETNAM AN INDEPENDENT, SOVEREIGN VIETNAM FREEDOM FROM ANY FOREIGN RULE (ESPECIALLY CHINESE) FREEDOM FROM ANY FOREIGN RULE (ESPECIALLY CHINESE) Q: WHY SO CONCERNED ABOUT CHINA? Q: WHY SO CONCERNED ABOUT CHINA? FIRST OBJECTIVE: DRIVE OUT THE FRENCH FIRST OBJECTIVE: DRIVE OUT THE FRENCH

7. POST – WW II ASIA

8. CURRENT-DAY INDOCHINA

9. CURRENT-DAY SOUTHEAST ASIA

10. FRANCE LOSES INDOCHINA 1946: FRENCH BEGIN OFFENSIVE AGAINST VIETMINH 1946: FRENCH BEGIN OFFENSIVE AGAINST VIETMINH VIETMINH ASK U.S. FOR HELP / SUPPORT VIETMINH ASK U.S. FOR HELP / SUPPORT EISENHOWER REFUSES; WHY? EISENHOWER REFUSES; WHY? U.S. IS CONCERNED ABOUT SOVIET EXPANSION IN W. EUROPE & ASIA (CONTAINMENT) U.S. IS CONCERNED ABOUT SOVIET EXPANSION IN W. EUROPE & ASIA (CONTAINMENT) U.S. NEEDS TO MAKE SURE W. EUROPE & ASIA CAN RESIST SOVIET EXPANSION U.S. NEEDS TO MAKE SURE W. EUROPE & ASIA CAN RESIST SOVIET EXPANSION THIS MEANS THOSE AREAS NEED TO HAVE STABLE ECONOMIES & STABLE GOVERNMENTS THIS MEANS THOSE AREAS NEED TO HAVE STABLE ECONOMIES & STABLE GOVERNMENTS SO…U.S. HAS TO SUPPORT FRENCH ECONOMY SO…U.S. HAS TO SUPPORT FRENCH ECONOMY HOW? SUPPORT THEIR COLONIAL CLAIMS HOW? SUPPORT THEIR COLONIAL CLAIMS

11. “THE DOMINO THEORY”

12. FRANCE LOSES INDOCHINA IF FRENCH COLONIES CAN HELP REBUILD FRENCH ECONOMY, FRANCE WILL BE STABLE IF FRENCH COLONIES CAN HELP REBUILD FRENCH ECONOMY, FRANCE WILL BE STABLE HELP HOW? HELP HOW? RESOURCES RESOURCES MARKETS FOR GOODS FROM OTHER NATIONS MARKETS FOR GOODS FROM OTHER NATIONS EXAMPLE: JAPAN EXAMPLE: JAPAN EISENHOWER INTRODUCES “DOMINO THEORY”: Define, p. 885 EISENHOWER INTRODUCES “DOMINO THEORY”: Define, p. 885 DOMINO THEORY BECOMES REASON FOR U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN INDOCHINA DOMINO THEORY BECOMES REASON FOR U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN INDOCHINA PROBLEM: PROBLEM: VIETMINH GAIN STRENGTH VIETMINH GAIN STRENGTH GOOD LEADERSHIP – VO NGUYEN GIAP – VIET MINH COMMANDER GOOD LEADERSHIP – VO NGUYEN GIAP – VIET MINH COMMANDER 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHUDIEN BIEN PHUDIEN BIEN PHU FRENCH ARMY DEVESTATED FRENCH ARMY DEVESTATED FRENCH AGREE TO PEACE TALKS FRENCH AGREE TO PEACE TALKS 1954: GENEVA ACCORDS SIGNED: 1954: GENEVA ACCORDS SIGNED: VIETNAM DIVIDED ALONG 17 th PARALLEL VIETNAM DIVIDED ALONG 17 th PARALLEL NORTH IS COMMUNIST (HO CHI MINH) / SOUTH IS NATIONALIST (DIEM) NORTH IS COMMUNIST (HO CHI MINH) / SOUTH IS NATIONALIST (DIEM) 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTION WILL BE HELD 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTION WILL BE HELD SO WHAT? FRENCH COLONIAL RULE ENDS / VIETNAM IS DIVIDED & INDEPENDENT SO WHAT? FRENCH COLONIAL RULE ENDS / VIETNAM IS DIVIDED & INDEPENDENT

13. Dien Bien Phu Dien Bien Phu & French Indochina, 1954 1954

14. Dien Bien Phu Dien Bien Phu Valley, Vietnam 1954

15. French Army French Army Positions & Dispersal, Dien Bien Phu, 1954

16. Dien Bien Phu

18. French Army Funeral, Dien Bien Phu

19. FRENCH TROOPS IN SLIT TRENCH, DIEN BIEN PHU

20. VIETMINH SOLDIERS IN ASSAULT TRENCHES PREPARE FOR ATTACK ON FRENCH POSITIONS, DIEN BIEN PHU, 1954

21. Vietminh Victory, Dien Bien Phu

22. FRENCH PRISONERS ON MARCH TO CAPTIVITY, DIEN BIEN PHU,1954

23. VIETMINH VICTORY POSTER, 1954

24. AMERICA MOVES IN 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTIONS SCHEDULED 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTIONS SCHEDULED DIEM & EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION CONCERNED DIEM & EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION CONCERNED WHY? AFRAID COMMUNISTS MIGHT WIN WHY? AFRAID COMMUNISTS MIGHT WIN DIEM CANCELS ELECTIONS: U.S. SUPPORTS DIEM DIEM CANCELS ELECTIONS: U.S. SUPPORTS DIEM PROBLEM: DIEM ‘S REGIME IS CORRUPT PROBLEM: DIEM ‘S REGIME IS CORRUPT DIEM ALIENATES MANY VIETNAMESE DIEM ALIENATES MANY VIETNAMESE WHY? WHY? DEVOUT CATHOLIC – OPPRESSES BUDDHIST MAJORITY DEVOUT CATHOLIC – OPPRESSES BUDDHIST MAJORITY NO POLITICAL OPPOSITION IS ALLOWED NO POLITICAL OPPOSITION IS ALLOWED RESULT? HE IS A DICTATOR RESULT? HE IS A DICTATOR RESULT? RESULT? 1957: VIETCONG (NLF) BEGINS OPERATIONS 1957: VIETCONG (NLF) BEGINS OPERATIONS DIEM GOV’T. CAN’T HANDLE IT ; BECOMES UNSTABLE DIEM GOV’T. CAN’T HANDLE IT ; BECOMES UNSTABLE SO WHAT? SO WHAT? U.S. BEGINS TO SEND MILITARY AID & “ADVISORS” TO V- NAM U.S. BEGINS TO SEND MILITARY AID & “ADVISORS” TO V- NAM U.S. SPECIAL FORCES ARE HEAVILY INVOLVED U.S. SPECIAL FORCES ARE HEAVILY INVOLVED

25. VIETNAM AND FRENCH INDOCHINA AFTER THE GENEVA ACCORDS

26. Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem

27. HO CHI MINH HO CHI MINH On Time Cover

28. AMERICA MOVES IN SOUTH VIETNAM GROWS MORE UNSTABLE SOUTH VIETNAM GROWS MORE UNSTABLE VC ATTACKS VC ATTACKS PROTESTS, STRIKES, ETC. PROTESTS, STRIKES, ETC. JFK ADMINISTRATION CONCERNED JFK ADMINISTRATION CONCERNED NOV., 1963: NOV., 1963: JFK IS LIKELY AWARE OF DIEM ASSASSINATION PLAN JFK IS LIKELY AWARE OF DIEM ASSASSINATION PLAN JFK ADMINISTRATION DOESN’T TRY TO STOP IT JFK ADMINISTRATION DOESN’T TRY TO STOP IT PROBLEM? INSTABILITY WORSENS PROBLEM? INSTABILITY WORSENS STRING OF U.S. – SUPPORTED MILITARY DICTATORS STRING OF U.S. – SUPPORTED MILITARY DICTATORS COMMUNISTS GAIN CONFIDENCE COMMUNISTS GAIN CONFIDENCE

29. AMERICA COMMITS AUGUST 4, 1964: TONKIN GULF INCIDENT: EXPLAIN AUGUST 4, 1964: TONKIN GULF INCIDENT: EXPLAIN AUGUST 7, 1964: THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION: EXPLAIN AUGUST 7, 1964: THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION: EXPLAIN FEBRUARY, 1965: FEBRUARY, 1965: VC ATTACKS KILL U.S. SERVICEMEN VC ATTACKS KILL U.S. SERVICEMEN LBJ ORDERS BOMBING OF N. VIETNAM TARGETS LBJ ORDERS BOMBING OF N. VIETNAM TARGETS OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER BEGINS OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER BEGINS DEFINE: LARGE-SCALE AERIAL BOMBING OF N.V- NAM DEFINE: LARGE-SCALE AERIAL BOMBING OF N.V- NAM MARCH, 1965: U.S. SENDS COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM MARCH, 1965: U.S. SENDS COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM

30. LBJ’s TONKIN GULF TELEVISION ADDRESS, AUGUST 4, 1964

31. ROBERT McNAMARA, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

33. The Gulf of Tonkin The Gulf of Tonkin and Vietnam, 1964 and Vietnam, 1964