1. Chapter 8 Section 3
Nationalism

2. Types of Nationalist Movements
1. Unification
- Mergers of politically divided by culturally similar lands
- Examples- Italy and Germany
2. Separation
-Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away
- Examples-Greece, Mexico
3. State- Building
-Culturally different groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture.
- examples- The U.S. and Turkey

3. Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires
1. The Austrian Empire
- Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians
- Austro- Prussian war lose German States
- Hungarians pressure Emperor Francis Joseph to split empire in two (Austria- Hungary)
- After WWI breaks into several Nation- States
2. The Russian Empire
- Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, and Turks
- Try Russification but it backfires and strengthens nationalist sentiments
- WWI and the communist revolution finally dissolve it in 1917
3. The Ottoman Empire
- Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians
-Give equal citizenship to all people in 1856 leads to many problems
-Finally breaks up after WWI

4. Italy
1. Camilo di Cavour named Sardinia’s Prime minister.
- Wants to Unite Northern Italy
- With France’s help defeat Austria and get’s all of Northern Italy except Venetia
- Secretly helps Nationalist rebels in Southern Italy
2. Giuseppe Garibaldi
- Nationalist leader captures Sicily in May 1860
- After Sicily goes north and captures more of Italy
- Agreed to unite lands he had gained with those held by Piedmont- Sardinia. Sardinian king rules.
3. Italy United
Venetia taken
-1870 Papal states under Italian control

5. Germany 1. Prussia 2. Otto von Bismarck
- Prussia mainly has a German Population
- Had most powerful army in Central Europe
Berlin rioters force a constitutional convention and write a liberal constitution.
2. Otto von Bismarck
- King Wilhelm needs support with new parliament
-Chooses Otto von Bismarck a conservative Junker to be his Prime Minister
-Bismarck master of realpolitik- “the politics of reality” tough power politics with no room for idealism
- Bismarck declares he will rule without the consent of parliament and without a legal budget
-1864 Prussia forms and alliance with Austria and goes to war with Denmark- gains two border provinces
3. Seven Weeks War
-Prussia provokes Austria into war.
- Prussia wins devastating victory and humiliates Austria.
- Prussia takes control of Northern Germany
4. Franco Prussian War
- By 1867 only a few southern German states not under Prussian Control
- S. Germans mainly Catholic while Prussians Protestant
-Bismarck thinks war with France will rally the South to their side
-Prussia lies about France until France finally declares war in 1870
- Franco-Prussian war stirs up Nationalist feelings in the South- They join Prussia in 1871.